Saudi Arabia Records Highest Growth Levels among the G20 Countries

Flags of the G20 countries (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Flags of the G20 countries (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Arabia Records Highest Growth Levels among the G20 Countries

Flags of the G20 countries (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Flags of the G20 countries (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The IHS Markit Index predicted that the Saudi Arabian economy will record the highest growth levels among the G20 countries in the fourth quarter of 2021, a wide gap of about 4.5 percent from its closest competitor, Italy.

The achievement reflects the efficiency of the economic reforms taken by the Kingdom since the launch of its Vision 2030.

The positive figures come in light of the unlimited support and direct supervision of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, who is also chairman of the Council of Economic and Development Affairs, demonstrating the strength and efficiency of the economic reforms undertaken by the Kingdom since 2016.

The reforms had a significant impact on overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal damage despite sharp declines in oil prices.

The high levels of growth of the Saudi economy come when many countries, including major economies, are still struggling to overcome the repercussions of the pandemic, which are no less than the effects of World War II.

Saudi Arabia's success in achieving great economic growth rates, outperforming G20 countries, is primarily due to the economic plan of Crown Prince Mohammed. It had a significant role in overcoming global challenges, namely the coronavirus pandemic and the decline in oil prices.

The Saudi GDP growth rate reached 7 percent in the third quarter of 2021, the highest annual growth rate since 2012.

It reflects the Kingdom's economic potentials for rapid recovery from the effects of the pandemic and the resumption of economic activities, benefiting from the exceptional efforts adopted by the government while tackling the challenges of the pandemic and the stimulus measures provided for the national economy.

The economic reforms implemented over the past five years by Saudi Arabia played a prominent role in economic diversification efforts.

The COVID-19 pandemic left a significant economic impact on various vital sectors, especially employment.

The results achieved by the Saudi economy were in contrast to that wave, as the pace of Saudi employment in the private sector hit its highest quarterly level ever, according to administrative records, reaching 90,000 during the fourth quarter of 2021.

As a result of the effectiveness of the Kingdom's government policies in creating jobs for Saudis in the private sector, the number of Saudi workers in the private sector exceeded, for the first time, 1.9 million in December 2021.

Meanwhile, the rate of women's participation in the labor market continued to increase, bypassing the 2030 target as it reached 34.1 percent in the third quarter of 2021 due to the Kingdom's social and economic reforms.

The structural reforms witnessed by the Saudi economy and its main drivers, including a legislative environment and an improvement in the contractual environment, contributed to strengthening efforts to diversify the economy and accommodate tens of thousands of job seekers of both sexes.

As a culmination of the Kingdom's efforts to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on oil, non-oil exports amounted to $53 billion by the end of the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 33 percent compared to the previous year.

Saudi Arabia was one of the best performing global economies during the pandemic where the decline in the GDP was minimal, with the Kingdom ranking sixth among the G20 countries when considering the non-oil activities as a determinant of economic performance in the Kingdom.

Economic observers and analysts expect the Saudi economy to continue to prosper, citing the budget surpluses for the first time since 2014, in addition to the expansion in the implementation of ambitious transformation plans and programs beyond 2022.

The economic boom and diversification of the economy will be achieved through several elements that will pump more than $320 billion by 2030.

Meanwhile, the ambitious strategy announced by the Crown Prince to stimulate the Saudi economy by pumping more than $320 billion until 2030, whether through a partner program, sovereign fund investments, or the national investment strategy, will have a considerable impact.

It will increase the competitiveness of the Saudi economy, placing it on top of the most important economies in the region and the most significant economies in the world.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.