‘Arabic Cinema is Ditching Familiar Ideas,’ Tunisian Director Youssef Chebbi Tells Asharq Al-Awsat

‘Arabic Cinema is Ditching Familiar Ideas,’ Tunisian Director Youssef Chebbi Tells Asharq Al-Awsat
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‘Arabic Cinema is Ditching Familiar Ideas,’ Tunisian Director Youssef Chebbi Tells Asharq Al-Awsat

‘Arabic Cinema is Ditching Familiar Ideas,’ Tunisian Director Youssef Chebbi Tells Asharq Al-Awsat

The Maskoon Fantastic Film Festival concluded in Beirut with the film “Shapes” by Tunisian director Youssef Chebbi. This work, which combines imagination and reality, is Chebbi’s first feature film, and it is scheduled to screen in Lebanese theaters as of January 2023.

The film, hosted by Cinema Montaigne at Beirut’s French Cultural Center, focuses on one of the most significant symbols of Tunisia’s revolution in 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, who set himself alight and was the spark of the revolution. The director builds events enhanced with imagination and fantasia, using the Bouazizi story and fire that burns several characters on the way to freedom and salvation.

On the other hand, Chebbi tries not to limit his story locally by linking the Tunisian situation to what is happening around the world. He also raises many questions about the accomplishments of the Tunisian revolution and the instability in the country since its eruption.

The 90-minute film tells the story of Fatima (Fatima Ussifi) and her colleague, “Batal” (Mohammed Hussein Korei) who discover a burned body at a construction site in one of Carthage Gardens’ buildings.

The investigation of this mysterious case and another one that follows it starts, then Fatima and Batal manage eventually to solve the mysteries of the first one. The film features critical investigations that take the audience into a weird, ambiguous world of exciting events that captures the spectators’ attention from the beginning until the end, when the truth unfolds.

“Shapes” won a grant from the Red Sea International Film Festival that helped complete it, Chebbi told Asharq Al-Awsat. The film was shot in Tunisia around a year ago, in a massive residential complex known as “Carthage Gardens”, in which construction works stopped due to the revolution, and then resumed later. But why Chebbi chose this site for his film? “I chose it because it’s directly linked to Tunisia. It is a residential compound that was supposed to simulate the buildings of Dubai, and fulfill the dream of the old ruling class that ended with the revolution. In addition, the compound has a maze-like layout that I wanted the audience to enter during the film,” he replied.

Chebbi describes his film as “a dream that came true”. “I always wanted to make a film that combines fantasia with reality. It’s the kind of movies that we don’t see often in the Arabic cinema, especially in Tunisia,” he added.

When asked whether it was a tough challenge, he said: “the real challenge is choosing the movie’s topic and convincing the audience with its idea. People have watched exciting thrillers and understood them easily, but in “Shapes”, it’s different, because it is based on a universal idea that I tried hard to make it close to reality.”

Chebbi speaks about the Arabic cinema but focuses on the Tunisian works especially those made and distributed outside Tunisia, like in Paris. “I feel that the Arabic cinema has started to separate from reality and to head towards another world that explores imagination.” Would this affect our Arabic identity? “Not at all, on the contrary, I believe it will enrich and boost our culture.”

The talents working in the Saudi cinema industry caught the attention of the young Tunisian director. He liked their ideas, and met some Saudi scriptwriters including the mind behind “The Last Visit” film. “The Saudi cinema has great human energies that are ditching the traditional ideas, and I like that. The kingdom is ready today to make unique and exceptional cinema productions as long as they are based on good ideas,” he said.

The “Shape” film partook in several festivals including Cannes, Marrakesh, Toronto, Red Sea, and Maskoon in Lebanon, and won the “Critics” and “Best Music” awards at the Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival.

Chebbi says he’s happy with the feedback. “The film attracted both the Arab and foreign audiences. This makes me so happy,” he noted.



The Real-Life Violence That Inspired South Korea’s ‘Squid Game'

Riot police march in front of the main building of Ssangyong Motor in Pyeongtaek, 70km south of Seoul, on August 6, 2009. (AFP)
Riot police march in front of the main building of Ssangyong Motor in Pyeongtaek, 70km south of Seoul, on August 6, 2009. (AFP)
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The Real-Life Violence That Inspired South Korea’s ‘Squid Game'

Riot police march in front of the main building of Ssangyong Motor in Pyeongtaek, 70km south of Seoul, on August 6, 2009. (AFP)
Riot police march in front of the main building of Ssangyong Motor in Pyeongtaek, 70km south of Seoul, on August 6, 2009. (AFP)

A factory turned into a battlefield, riot police armed with tasers and an activist who spent 100 days atop a chimney -- the unrest that inspired Netflix's most successful show ever has all the hallmarks of a TV drama.

This month sees the release of the second season of "Squid Game", a dystopian vision of South Korea where desperate people compete in deadly versions of traditional children's games for a massive cash prize.

But while the show itself is a work of fiction, Hwang Dong-hyuk, its director and writer, has said the experiences of the main character Gi-hun, a laid-off worker, were inspired by the violent Ssangyong strikes in 2009.

"I wanted to show that any ordinary middle-class person in the world we live in today can fall to the bottom of the economic ladder overnight," he has said.

In May 2009, Ssangyong, a struggling car giant taken over by a consortium of banks and private investors, announced it was laying off more than 2,600 people, or nearly 40 percent of its workforce.

That was the beginning of an occupation of the factory and a 77-day strike that ended in clashes between strikers armed with slingshots and steel pipes and riot police wielding rubber bullets and tasers.

Many union members were severely beaten and some were jailed.

- 'Many lost their lives' -

The conflict did not end there.

Five years later, union leader Lee Chang-kun held a sit-in for 100 days on top of one of the factory's chimneys to protest a sentence in favor of Ssangyong against the strikers.

He was supplied with food from a basket attached to a rope by supporters and endured hallucinations of a tent rope transformed into a writhing snake.

Some who experienced the unrest struggled to discuss "Squid Game" because of the trauma they endured, Lee told AFP.

The repercussions of the strike, compounded by protracted legal battles, caused significant financial and mental strain for workers and their families, resulting in around 30 deaths by suicide and stress-related issues, Lee said.

"Many have lost their lives. People had to suffer for too long," he said.

He vividly remembers the police helicopters circling overhead, creating intense winds that ripped away workers' raincoats.

Lee said he felt he could not give up.

"We were seen as incompetent breadwinners and outdated labor activists who had lost their minds," he said.

"Police kept beating us even after we fell unconscious -- this happened at our workplace, and it was broadcast for so many to see."

Lee said he had been moved by scenes in the first season of "Squid Game" where Gi-hun struggles not to betray his fellow competitors.

But he wished the show had spurred real-life change for workers in a country marked by economic inequality, tense industrial relations and deeply polarized politics.

"Despite being widely discussed and consumed, it is disappointing that we have not channeled these conversations into more beneficial outcomes," he said.

- 'Shadow of state violence' -

The success of "Squid Game" in 2021 left him feeling "empty and frustrated".

"At the time, it felt like the story of the Ssangyong workers had been reduced to a commodity in the series," Lee told AFP.

"Squid Game", the streaming platform's most-watched series of all time, is seen as embodying the country's rise to a global cultural powerhouse, part of the "Korean wave" alongside the Oscar-winning "Parasite" and K-pop stars such as BTS.

But its second season comes as the Asian democracy finds itself embroiled in some of its worst political turmoil in decades, triggered by conservative President Yoon Suk Yeol's failed bid to impose martial law this month.

Yoon has since been impeached and suspended from duties pending a ruling by the Constitutional Court.

That declaration of martial law risked sending the Korean wave "into the abyss", around 3,000 people in the film industry, including "Parasite" director Bong Joon-ho, said in a letter following Yoon's shocking decision.

Vladimir Tikhonov, a Korean studies professor at the University of Oslo, told AFP that some of South Korea's most successful cultural products highlight state and capitalist violence.

"It is a noteworthy and interesting phenomenon -- we still live in the shadow of state violence, and this state violence is a recurrent theme in highly successful cultural products."