AOAD Unveils Initiative to Contain 'Food Security Issue'

Sudanese farmers harvest eggplant in a field near the capital, Khartoum (Reuters)
Sudanese farmers harvest eggplant in a field near the capital, Khartoum (Reuters)
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AOAD Unveils Initiative to Contain 'Food Security Issue'

Sudanese farmers harvest eggplant in a field near the capital, Khartoum (Reuters)
Sudanese farmers harvest eggplant in a field near the capital, Khartoum (Reuters)

The competent organizations of the Arab League approved an initiative prepared by the Arab Organization for Agriculture Developments (AOAD) to address challenges of food security and the exacerbation of agricultural and social crises.

AOAD General Director Ibrahim al-Dukhairi acknowledged the exacerbation of food challenges after the rise in grain, animal, and agricultural product prices because of the proxy wars in several Arab and African countries.

Dukhairi revealed in an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat that the tensions around the world, the escalation of conflict between Russia and NATO countries, and the war in Sudan further complicated the matter.

He explained that the Arab League Secretary-General, Ahmed Aboul Gheit, decided to support the initiative with Arab financial institutions in implementing the decisions of the Arab summit.

Sudan alone can provide most of the needs of Arab and African countries regarding animal and vegetable food once minimum stability is guaranteed and wars and rebellions have stopped, Dukhairi said.

He denied that the devastating war that Sudan is currently witnessing has directly affected its agricultural and food production, noting that the armed conflicts are concentrated in Khartoum and partly Darfur, not agrarian areas.

However, he warned of the dangers of extending the devastating war and the current rebellion in Sudan and its negative impact on the neighboring countries' harvest season and animal movement.

The initiative aims to push Arab, African, and international capitals to secure agricultural production and transport food inside Sudan to tens of millions of its citizens and all Arab and African countries.

- Sudan's neighbors

Asharq Al-Awsat asked the Director about the connection between the initiative, the outcomes of the Arab Summit, the recent Sudan's neighbors conference in Cairo, and the recent announcement of signs of settling old disputes over the Nile waters and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam.

Dukhairi responded that the meeting supported the initiative, and Aboul Gheit personally announced that he would provide at least $1 billion to support it and to ensure "food security and agricultural production in Sudan."

He said that Sudan is one of the most prominent Arab and African countries with enormous agricultural capabilities if security, peace, and stability are achieved.

The Director expected the relations of Sudan's neighboring countries concerned with the dispute over the Nile waters to develop positively after their leaders' recent meeting in Cairo and the announcement of "opening a new page."

He noted the strategic nature of the Nile water file for the agricultural, food, and decent living sectors in Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, and neighboring countries.

He considered the AOAD's initiative particularly important due to the accumulated dangers of "food scarcity" in light of the war in Sudan and Ukraine.

- Planting 50 billion trees

Furthermore, the official announced in his interview with Asharq Al-Awsat that the organization's initiative for developing agricultural and food products regionally and internationally includes combating desertification in old agrarian areas.

It also supports the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's initiative to plant 50 billion new trees in Arab countries, including 10 billion trees inside Saudi Arabia, as part of the Middle East Green initiative.

Dukhairi confirmed that he discussed with representatives of specialized Arab organizations at their annual conference in Tunis ways to mobilize their capabilities and the institutions of the Arab League General Secretariat to save harvest seasons and develop agricultural capabilities in Sudan and all Arab countries.

He revealed that his organization received "strong support" from all Arab countries and the Arab League General Secretariat to contribute to this goal and activate its new comprehensive initiative through its central and regional headquarters in Sudan, Egypt, Algiers, Rabat, Tunis, and Syria.

It receives the support of joint Arab action institutions and all regional and international agricultural, development, and food organizations, including the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.