Palestinian Climbers Defy Wartime Obstacles to Scale West Bank Cliffs

The nascent Palestinian climbing community has adapted to new challenges after the Israel-Hamas war. Sonia LOGRE / AFP
The nascent Palestinian climbing community has adapted to new challenges after the Israel-Hamas war. Sonia LOGRE / AFP
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Palestinian Climbers Defy Wartime Obstacles to Scale West Bank Cliffs

The nascent Palestinian climbing community has adapted to new challenges after the Israel-Hamas war. Sonia LOGRE / AFP
The nascent Palestinian climbing community has adapted to new challenges after the Israel-Hamas war. Sonia LOGRE / AFP

As Palestinian climber Faris Abu Gosh encouraged his friend ascending a limestone cliff in the occupied West Bank, the war raging in Gaza momentarily slipped from his mind.
Scaling rock faces has offered solace since the fighting erupted, but he and his friends have also had to face mounting challenges in what was already not an easy place for their budding climbing community, AFP said.
Yet, they have simply adapted, finding detours around new Israeli checkpoints or ways to avoid the heightened risks of confrontations with soldiers or settlers living in the surrounding hills.
"For the last seven years I've been completely obsessed with climbing and developed my entire life around it", said Abu Gosh, a 22-year-old physiotherapy student.
On a recent Saturday, a dozen Palestinian and Italian climbers were geared up in Wadi al-Ghul, a West Bank river valley that turns lush and green with winter rain.
As much as Palestinian climbers enjoy this recently opened spot for its natural beauty, they also appreciate its location far from Israeli settlements, which are considered illegal under international law.
And when Israeli troops are in the area, "we feel safer when foreigners come climb with us," said Abu Gosh.
"Soldiers usually don't bother white people."
Increased military presence
At least 435 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces or settlers in the West Bank since the Israel-Hamas war began on October 7, according to Palestinian Authority data.
"In the first month, it was almost impossible to leave certain towns and villages, because the Israeli army closed roads," said Heba Shaheen, president of the Palestine Climbing Association.
"It was really hard, and it is still very hard," she added, describing a widespread feeling of insecurity in the West Bank.
Climbers have to travel on dirt roads and make long detours, Shaheen said, noting they might have to drive 90 minutes just because they cannot cross a 50-meter (160-foot) stretch of road that is only for settlers.
One of the climbers, Tariq Kaabna, told AFP an Israeli soldier had just that morning taken a water bottle from him and dumped its contents into Kaabna's backpack.
At the Ein Qiniya site, near Ramallah, "there has been an increase in settlers and soldiers going into the area," said Abu Gosh, who hails from the Qalandia refugee camp.
"Once the climbers were kicked out of the climbing site for military purposes. This stuff actually wasn't happening before," he added.
Ein Farah, a canyon filled by a river in winter time, has been closed to all climbers by Israeli park authorities since the beginning of the war.
Though located in the West Bank just 15 kilometers (9 miles) east of Jerusalem, the site was declared an Israeli nature reserve named Ein Prat, a practice that rights groups have labeled as a roundabout way of restricting Palestinian access to West Bank land.
'Nothing could help us forget'
The West Bank's rocky topography offers massive potential for establishing or "bolting" new routes, dozens of which have been opened over the past 15 years.
However, climbing's physicality brings the Palestinian sporting community further into the land struggle that has rocked the West Bank since Israel's 1967 occupation of the territory.
"When we were developing we would see or hear the military but we thought it would be safe," said Tim Bruns, a US climber who bolted some of the first West Bank routes in the mid-2010s with his friend Will Harris.
Bruns told AFP he was set to join a climbing trip to the West Bank in December with mountaineering star Alex Honnold, but it was canceled at the last minute over security and access concerns.
For Palestinian climbers like Shaheen and Abu Gosh, they have felt guilty at times for continuing climbing while the war rages in Gaza.
"Before the war, climbing was an escape. But after the war started there was nothing that could help us forget what is going on (in Gaza)," she told AFP.
Though the Palestinian climbing community is in its early days, Shaheen hopes they will one day get to compete in the Olympics.
The inclusion of the Palestine Climbing Association in the International Federation of Sport Climbing in February 2024 was one step in this direction.
"The ultimate goal is to sustain the climbing in Palestine by Palestinians," she said.



'Secret Highway' to Mars Could Cut Journey Time to 153 Days

Chance may lead us to the shortest paths in space as well. (Shutterstock)
Chance may lead us to the shortest paths in space as well. (Shutterstock)
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'Secret Highway' to Mars Could Cut Journey Time to 153 Days

Chance may lead us to the shortest paths in space as well. (Shutterstock)
Chance may lead us to the shortest paths in space as well. (Shutterstock)

Astronomers have identified a new space corridor that could cut hundreds of days from the journey to Mars by taking advantage of a natural route followed by some asteroids as they travel between planets.

The distance between Earth and Mars constantly changes depending on their positions and orbital speeds around the Sun. It reaches its shortest point when Earth lies directly between the Sun and the Red Planet, a phenomenon known as “Mars opposition,” which occurs roughly every 26 months.

Even so, reaching Mars currently takes between seven and 10 months, even using the fastest spacecraft available. But the newly identified space corridor, which opens during periods when the two planets are relatively close, could reduce the total mission time to just 153 days.

Space agencies typically plan planetary missions by analyzing planetary orbital data to determine optimal flight paths and fuel requirements. However, this newly identified corridor was discovered through the study of asteroid orbital data instead.

Astronomers explored whether asteroid trajectories could reveal hidden shortcuts through space, focusing on asteroid 2001 CA21, which is believed to cross the orbital paths of both Earth and Mars.

Researchers analyzed the asteroid’s close approaches to Mars, a trajectory that could allow spacecraft to follow a more direct route to the Red Planet. They also examined Mars opposition windows in 2027, 2029, and 2031 to determine which offered the best conditions for a shorter journey.

The study found that 2031 is the only year in which the geometry of Earth and Mars aligns favorably with the asteroid’s orbital plane, making the rapid route possible.

The researchers said in the study, published in Acta Astronautica and cited by The Independent: “The 2031 Mars opposition supports two complete round-trip missions in less than one year while aligning with the orbital plane associated with asteroid CA21, demonstrating how small-body orbital data can help identify rapid interplanetary transfer opportunities at an early stage.”

They added: “This study presents an innovative engineering methodology for designing rapid interplanetary missions.”

The research team hopes future studies into the orbital dynamics of near-Earth asteroids will contribute to developing faster and more efficient designs for interplanetary space travel.


Study Shows How Potato-based Diet Changed Genetics of Andean People

FILE PHOTO: A woman sells potatoes at La Parada market in La Victoria district of Lima, Peru, June 14, 2017. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A woman sells potatoes at La Parada market in La Victoria district of Lima, Peru, June 14, 2017. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo/File Photo
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Study Shows How Potato-based Diet Changed Genetics of Andean People

FILE PHOTO: A woman sells potatoes at La Parada market in La Victoria district of Lima, Peru, June 14, 2017. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A woman sells potatoes at La Parada market in La Victoria district of Lima, Peru, June 14, 2017. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo/File Photo

Indigenous people in the Andes domesticated the potato - a great source of starch, vitamins, minerals and fiber - 6,000 to 10,000 years ago, making this tuber a central part of their diet.

These people then experienced genetic adaptations beneficial for such a diet that are still seen in their descendants living in Peru.

New genomic research documents how these descendants - speakers of the Quechua language of the once-great Inca Empire - underwent fortification involving a gene called AMY1 that is involved in starch digestion, a function useful for people with a potato-centric diet.

The study found that these people possess an average of 10 copies of AMY1 - two to four more than most people. No other known population globally exceeds that number. According to Reuters, the study also showed that the onset of these genetic changes in this population coincided with the advent of potato domestication.

"It is a wonderful case of culture shaping biology," said evolutionary and anthropological geneticist Omer Gokcumen of the University at Buffalo, one of the senior ⁠authors of the ⁠research published this week in the journal Nature Communications.

"This highlights the importance of dietary adaptation in human evolutionary history, with implications for metabolism, health and the impact of domestication events on human biology," said UCLA anthropological geneticist Abigail Bigham, also one of the study's senior authors.

At the molecular level, AMY1 governs an enzyme called amylase that is present in saliva and is responsible for breaking down starch in the mouth when a person eats starchy foods. A person with more copies of the gene may produce more of the enzyme.

This greater dosage, the researchers said, may facilitate better metabolism of ⁠high-starch diets. Amylase may also be involved in regulating the microbiome - the body's natural collection of microbes - which can shift with dietary change.

Lactose tolerance is another example of diet-driven evolutionary adaptation, involving a gene related to an enzyme that breaks down lactose in milk.

In the new study, the researchers analyzed genomic data spanning more than 3,700 people across 85 populations in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia, including 81 native Quechua speakers of Andean ancestry in Peru.

The researchers said it appears that over time evolutionary forces favored extra copies of AMY1 in the ancient Andeans.

In order to become widespread, a genetic variant may provide some advantage.

"Therefore, one hypothesis is that people with more copies of AMY1 may have been better able to process starch-rich foods, including potatoes," University at Buffalo doctoral student and study co-lead author Luane Landau said.

"Individuals who were born with the higher copies of AMY1 may have had an ⁠advantage as compared to ⁠individuals who did not have it, and left more descendants over generations.

Over time, this could explain why the genetic version linked to high AMY1 copy number became more common in Andean populations today," Landau said.

Potatoes represented a reliable food source - a crop that thrived at the high altitudes these people inhabited.

"They were one of the main sources for calories in the ancient Andean diet," University at Buffalo doctoral student and study co-lead author Kendra Scheer said.

Potatoes were at the heart of the Inca food supply. They were brought to Europe and the rest of the world following the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century.

"Their global culinary spread is a testament to their broad likeability," Bigham said.

At markets in the Andean highlands and elsewhere in Peru, Quechua speakers sell a wide variety of potatoes, with flesh of various colors including purple, blue, red, gold, white and even black.

"In Peru, there are about 3,000 to 4,000 different kinds of potato, but the majority of the world has access to only a select few strains. Therefore, there is a whole world of different types of French fries that are possible," Scheer said.


Court Rules in ‘Sunbed War,’ Towels Lose

A pool with sunbeds at a luxury resort (Shutterstock)
A pool with sunbeds at a luxury resort (Shutterstock)
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Court Rules in ‘Sunbed War,’ Towels Lose

A pool with sunbeds at a luxury resort (Shutterstock)
A pool with sunbeds at a luxury resort (Shutterstock)

A German tourist has won a payout of more than €900 (£850) after he was unable to secure a sun lounger due to other guests reserving them with towels, according to BBC.

The man, who has not been identified, was on holiday in Greece with his family in 2024, and said he spent 20 minutes a day trying to find a sun lounger, despite waking up at 06:00.

He then sued his tour operator for allowing the reservation system, arguing the sunbeds were reserved so often, they were unusable.

Judges at a district court in Hanover ruled in his favor, and said the family of four were entitled to a larger refund on their package holiday as it had been “defective.”

The man had initially paid €7,186 (£6,211) to take his wife and their two children on the package holiday to Kos, an island in Greece.

In his arguments to court, he said that his tour operator had failed to enforce the resort's ban on towel reserving, and did not confront guests who were engaging in the practice.

He added that even when his family rose at 06:00, loungers were unavailable, and his children were forced to lie on the floor.

Though the tour operator had initially paid out a refund of €350 (£302), judges in Hanover ruled the family was entitled to a refund of €986.70 (£852.89).

They said that although the travel company did not run the hotel and could not ensure every customer could access a sunbed at any given time, the operator did have an obligation to make sure there was an organizational structure that would guarantee a “reasonable” ratio of sunbeds to guests.

Many tourists will have encountered “sunbed wars” or “dawn dash” on holiday, which is the practice of reserving loungers with towels.