Saudi Vision 2030: Historic Economic Transformation through Diversity, Growth  

Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Vision 2030: Historic Economic Transformation through Diversity, Growth  

Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Vision 2030 was launched on April 25, 2016. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz stressed that Saudi Arabia is making major and lasting progress with its Vision 2030 national transformation plan.

The assertion, also echoed by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, was made in remarks included in the 2023 annual report for Vision 2030, which highlighted the successful implementation of the vision’s programs.

Vision 2030’s key objectives include developing promising and emerging sectors, bolstering local content, facilitating business environments, empowering citizens, engaging the private sector, and enhancing overall execution efficiency.

Since the launch of Vision 2030 on April 25, 2016, under the directive of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed, Saudi Arabia has undergone an unprecedented historic transformation.

This transformation is characterized by remarkable development that supports Vision 2030’s goal of creating a prosperous and promising future through economic growth and improved quality of life.

In the report, Crown Prince Mohammed expressed anticipation for achieving more significant developmental milestones across various fronts, particularly those attained in the past year and previous decades, underscoring the importance of preserving these gains for both the current and future generations.

Historic transformation

Saudi Arabia is going through a big change, with strong economic growth and more connections to the world, according to the report. It is also empowering its citizens and putting protecting the environment first. This makes it a land full of opportunities for everyone to shape a successful future.

Halfway into its journey, Vision 2030 has already met many of its goals faster than expected, the report showed. Now, it is aiming even higher to have a bigger impact.

By the numbers, 87% of Vision 2030 initiatives are done or on track, and 81% of key performance indicators for programs have hit their yearly targets.

In 2023, the non-oil sector made up 50% of the country’s total economy, reaching a record high.

Lasting impact

Vision 2030 is all about creating a lasting impact, bringing more progress and benefits to the Kingdom while opening up bigger opportunities for its people.

The Kingdom’s economic makeover, driven by Vision 2030, is a success story fueled by ambitious goals for a diverse and thriving economy.

This involves big changes in economic policies and substantial investments in key sectors like manufacturing, technology, tourism, renewable energy, mining, and logistics.

Moreover, Vision 2030 puts a strong focus on encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation, building necessary infrastructure, and providing support and funding for startups and innovative companies. The goal is to boost their competitiveness and ability to grow, both nationally and globally.

Vision 2030 progress

The first leg of Vision 2030’s journey saw a lot of economic and structural reforms that set the stage for a successful national transformation, with real-world impacts. Now, as it enters the second phase, growth and opportunities are spreading across many promising sectors.

The private sector is stepping up to help achieve development goals in a more appealing environment, aiming for economic diversity and sustainable social impact in the next phase.

The achievements since the launch of Vision 2030 have boosted the non-oil sector, leading to growth. In 2023, non-oil activities made up half of the total GDP, and unemployment among Saudis stayed close to the 2030 targets. Saudi Arabia has also made progress in various international indicators.

Thriving economy

Saudi Arabia has set up four special economic zones to attract quality investments. The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector is booming like never before. The industrial sector is also making strides by localizing car manufacturing and establishing the Kingdom’s first electric car factory.

Saudi Arabia is tapping into its vast natural and cultural wealth, revealing mineral resources worth $2.4 trillion last year alone.

The Kingdom is committed to building a green economy to preserve the environment and ensure sustainability, creating a vibrant society. Efforts are also underway to empower the non-profit sector, provide housing solutions for families, and enhance citizens’ skills for global competition.

Looking ahead

Since its launch, Vision 2030 has been committed to sustainable development and planning for the future, aiming to bring prosperity to all citizens.

The 2023 annual report highlights a prosperous year for Saudi Arabia, built on strong foundations for success, including national capabilities, diverse resources, and unlimited investments.

The government’s deep belief in the Kingdom’s potential has driven comprehensive development across various sectors.

Vision 2030 has led to rapid transformations in key and emerging sectors, such as entertainment, sports, tourism, culture, and digital services, alongside social empowerment initiatives.

Some sectors, like mining and renewable energy, require longer reform periods but are making progress through substantial investments.

Efforts to empower the private sector and attract foreign investment involve policy reforms influenced by global factors and challenges.

Today, Saudi Arabia’s economy is diverse and strong, driven by rapidly growing vital sectors, which have led to job creation and exceeded some targets ahead of schedule, making the kingdom a land of opportunity.

Vision 2030 has also boosted Saudi Arabia’s regional and international standing through cooperation for security and stability, vital for economic growth. This ensures the Kingdom’s continued journey towards progress and prosperity.

Stable foundation

The report also highlights Saudi Arabia’s strong economic performance, with non-oil GDP reaching its highest level in 2023, contributing 50% to the real GDP and growing by 4.7% compared to the previous year.

Non-oil government revenues increased significantly to SAR 457 billion ($121.8 billion) in 2023, covering 35% of the total budget expenditure.

Unemployment among Saudis dropped to 7.7% in 2023 from 8.0% in 2022, while inflation decreased to 1.6% from 3.1% in 2022.

The government’s efficiency index also rose to 70.8 points in 2022, surpassing the target of 60.7 points.

Public Investment Fund

Additionally, the report showed a big jump in the assets managed by the Public Investment Fund (PIF), hitting $749 billion in 2023, up from $557 billion in 2016, surpassing the $720 billion target.

The PIF drives economic diversification, investing in sectors like tourism, entertainment, financial tech, and sports.

It has become a global leader in spotting economic opportunities, creating 93 companies compared to 71 last year and generating around 644,000 job opportunities, up from 500,000 in 2022.

Thriving society

The report showed that life expectancy rose to 78.10 years in 2023, surpassing the target of 77.06 years.

Saudi Arabia also saw a record number of external pilgrims, reaching 13.56 million in 2023, up from 7.36 million in 2016, exceeding the target of 10 million.

Furthermore, the percentage of Saudi households owning homes increased to 63.74% in 2023, surpassing the target of 63%.

Remarkable progress

The report showed that halfway through Vision 2030, there has been significant progress towards its goals. Some indicators have even surpassed their targets, prompting a review of ambitions.

For instance, Saudi unemployment rates and female workforce participation have exceeded expectations, signaling a shift to higher aspirations for 2030.

The report also noted a maturing strategic approach in the second phase of Vision 2030, with improved measurement methods. Collaboration with international bodies ensures the adoption of best practices for monitoring progress.

Leading the charge

Saudi Arabia’s statistical sector has made significant strides, jumping 25 places in the World Bank’s National Statistical System Performance Index. This demonstrates the Kingdom’s commitment to providing high-quality statistical data.

Expo 2030 in Riyadh

Winning the bid to host Expo 2030 in Riyadh is a testament to Saudi Arabia’s global influence and active role in shaping the future. The expo will showcase innovations and technologies aligned with sustainable solutions, reflecting the goals of Vision 2030.

The report also highlighted that 2030 will mark an era of unprecedented global engagement.

2026 FIFA World Cup bid

Saudi Arabia has submitted its bid to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup, garnering significant support from football federations worldwide.

The bid marks a pivotal moment in the tournament’s history, as the Kingdom aims to share with the world the story of its ambitious sporting transformation in recent years.

From investing in human potential by empowering youth and unleashing their capabilities to ambitious projects that boost football and infrastructure, Saudi Arabia has embarked on a journey of comprehensive economic and social development.

The nation is committed to developing state-of-the-art sports, tourism, and public facilities on a global scale, driving economic and social growth.

Exceptional tourism achievements

The report highlighted Saudi Arabia’s rich and diverse culture, showcasing its history and stories of civilizations that have thrived on its land. Coupled with its geographical advantage, strategically linking Asia, Europe, and Africa, Saudi Arabia has become a global destination.

Efforts and initiatives under Vision 2030 have capitalized on this competitive advantage, opening doors to both local and international tourists and resulting in an unprecedented boom in the tourism sector.

China has recognized Saudi Arabia as a key tourist destination, with 112 million passengers passing through the Kingdom’s airports, marking a 27% increase from 2022.

Among them, 106 million were visitors, including 27.4 million international tourists, cementing Saudi Arabia’s position as a premier destination on the global tourism map.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.