Proliferation of Arms among ‘Resistance’ Factions Fighting Israel Adds to Lebanon’s Security Fears

Hezbollah members are seen at a military drill during a media tour in Armata, Lebanon. (Reuters)
Hezbollah members are seen at a military drill during a media tour in Armata, Lebanon. (Reuters)
TT

Proliferation of Arms among ‘Resistance’ Factions Fighting Israel Adds to Lebanon’s Security Fears

Hezbollah members are seen at a military drill during a media tour in Armata, Lebanon. (Reuters)
Hezbollah members are seen at a military drill during a media tour in Armata, Lebanon. (Reuters)

The military activity of five Lebanese and Palestinian factions in southern Lebanon has raised concerns in Lebanon over the post-war phase when the country will be confronted with the problem of collecting weapons in possession of so-called resistance factions.

Alarmingly, these groups appear to be in possession of heavy weapons. The Lebanese people already possess light weapons, which are remnants of the 1975-90 civil war, but heavy weapons, such as Katyusha rockets are now in possession of the so-called resistance factions, such as Hezbollah, the Amal movement and Jamaa al-Islamiya and the Palestinian Qassam Brigades – the armed wing of the Hamas movement – and the Islamic Jihad.

Five factions

The factions have not revealed how they were able to come into possession of such arms, but security circles speculated that they were probably smuggled through illegal border crossings and the illegal arms markets that are rampant across the globe.

Hezbollah, meanwhile, has previously declared that it boasts 100,000 fighters and Israel estimates that it possesses some 150,000 rockets. The other armed factions boast around dozens to hundreds of fighters.

Amal has said 17 of its members have been killed since the eruption of the fighting between Hezbollah and Israel in southern Lebanon in October. It has also said that it boasts fighters in “every border village” and that these fighters hail from the villages they are defending against attacks.

The Jamaa al-Islamiya has lost five fighters since the beginning of the war.

As for the Palestinian factions, official Palestinian figures have no tally of the number of fighters or their weapons.

Circles close to the Palestinian Fatah movement have said that they boast dozens of fighters and that their weapons are rockets that used to be in the possession of Palestinian resistance groups that were active in Lebanon.

Delayed discussions

In spite of the alarm over this new phenomenon and questions about how to address it after the war, the issue hasn’t been addressed on the political level, revealed parliamentary sources.

None of the political powers have a vision over how to handle the situation, they said.

Lebanon had previously suffered from the proliferation of arms during the civil war. The issue was resolved through the 1989 Taif Accord that helped end the war. All militias and armed groups, except for Hezbollah, agreed to lay down their arms and hand them over to the army.

Hezbollah kept its weapons because of its role as a resistance group fighting Israel’s then occupation of the South that ended in 2000. The party kept its weapons after the Israeli withdrawal.

Change bloc MP Ibrahim Mneimneh rejected the idea of simply having to accept the possession of weapons outside the authority of the state and justifications for it. He blamed the proliferation of arms on Hezbollah given the arsenal in its possession that has only grown since the Israeli withdrawal.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, he also blamed the security forces’ “lax” approach in handling the possession of weapons outside state authority for the proliferation of weapons.

Limiting the possession of arms to the state is stipulated in the Lebanese constitution and Taif Accord, he stressed.

Moreover, he warned against attempts by the armed factions to achieve political gains in return for them laying down their arms.

“We reject the use of arms to impose new political equations,” he stressed.



Sudan Army Says Enters Key RSF-Held Al-Jazira State Capital

Sudanese people rally to celebrate in Meroe in the country's Northern State on January 11, 2025, after the army announced entering key Al-Jazira state capital Wad Madani, held by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (AFP)
Sudanese people rally to celebrate in Meroe in the country's Northern State on January 11, 2025, after the army announced entering key Al-Jazira state capital Wad Madani, held by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (AFP)
TT

Sudan Army Says Enters Key RSF-Held Al-Jazira State Capital

Sudanese people rally to celebrate in Meroe in the country's Northern State on January 11, 2025, after the army announced entering key Al-Jazira state capital Wad Madani, held by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (AFP)
Sudanese people rally to celebrate in Meroe in the country's Northern State on January 11, 2025, after the army announced entering key Al-Jazira state capital Wad Madani, held by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (AFP)

The Sudanese military and allied armed groups launched an offensive Saturday on key Al-Jazira state capital Wad Madani, entering the city after more than a year of paramilitary control, the army said.

In a statement, the armed forces "congratulated" the Sudanese people on "our forces entering the city of Wad Madani this morning".

Sudan's army and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitaries have been at war since April 2023, leading to what the UN calls the world's worst displacement crisis and declarations of famine in parts of the northeast African country.

A video the army shared on social media showed fighters claiming to be inside Wad Madani, after an army source told AFP they had "stormed the city's eastern entrance".

The footage appeared to be shot on the western side of Hantoub Bridge in northern Wad Madani, which has been under RSF control since December 2023.

The office of army-allied government spokesman and Information and Culture Minister Khalid al-Aiser said the army had "liberated" the city.

Sudan's foreign ministry hailed "the great victory achieved today", saying the army had regained Wad Madani.

The army, meanwhile, said its forces were "currently working on clearing the remnants of the rebels inside the city".

With a months-long communications blackout in place, AFP was not able to independently verify the situation on the ground.

Wad Madani is a strategic crossroads of key supply highways linking several states, and is the nearest major town to the capital Khartoum.

A victory in Al-Jazira would be the army's biggest breakthrough since it seized control of the capital's twin city of Omdurman nearly a year ago.

"The army and allied fighters have spread out around us across the city's streets," one eyewitness told AFP from his home in central Wad Madani, requesting anonymity for his safety.

- Celebrations -

Both the army and the RSF have been accused of war crimes including targeting civilians and indiscriminately shelling residential areas.

But the paramilitaries specifically have been notorious for summary killings, rampant looting, systematic sexual violence and laying siege to entire towns.

The United States on Tuesday said the RSF had "committed genocide" and imposed sanctions on its leader, Mohammed Hamdan Daglo.

The local resistance committee, one of hundreds of pro-democracy volunteer groups across the country coordinating frontline aid, hailed the Wad Madani advance as an end to "the tyranny" of the RSF.

Eyewitnesses in army-controlled cities across Sudan reported dozens taking to the streets in celebration.

Chants of "one army, one people" broke out in army-controlled Omdurman, part of greater Khartoum 200 kilometers (124 miles) north of Wad Madani, an eyewitness told AFP, requesting anonymity for their safety.

Since it began, the war has killed tens of thousands and uprooted more than 12 million people, more than three million of whom have fled across borders.

In the early months of the war, more than half a million people had sought shelter in Al-Jazira, before a lightning RSF offensive displaced upwards of 300,000 in December 2023, according to the UN.

Most have been repeatedly displaced since, as the feared paramilitaries moved further and further south.

"We're going back!" crowds in the de facto capital of Port Sudan on the Red Sea shouted in the street on Saturday after the army's announcements.

The RSF still holds most of the rest of the central agricultural state, as well as nearly all of Sudan's western Darfur region and swathes of the country's south.

The army controls the north and east, as well as parts of the capital.