Damascus Opens New Track in Ties with Beirut on Economy, Security

Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani and his accompanying delegation arrive to meet Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in Beirut (AFP)
Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani and his accompanying delegation arrive to meet Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in Beirut (AFP)
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Damascus Opens New Track in Ties with Beirut on Economy, Security

Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani and his accompanying delegation arrive to meet Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in Beirut (AFP)
Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani and his accompanying delegation arrive to meet Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in Beirut (AFP)

Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani’s visit to Lebanon marked a new phase in bilateral relations, during which he reaffirmed Syria’s stance that “a new page is being opened with Lebanon” following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime.

Al-Shaibani discussed security, judicial, economic, and diplomatic issues and, at the request of Lebanese President Joseph Aoun, called for the appointment of a new Syrian ambassador to Lebanon to coordinate matters between the Lebanese and Syrian embassies in Beirut and Damascus, after the suspension of the Lebanese-Syrian Higher Council.

The visit is the first by a senior Syrian official to neighboring Lebanon since Assad’s ouster in December 2024. Lebanese Foreign Ministry officials said the current Syrian authorities “respect Lebanon’s sovereignty” and the principle of “non-interference in its internal affairs.” Al-Shaibani told reporters, “We want to move past the obstacles of the past with Lebanon.”

High-Level Meetings, Notably Without Speaker Berri

On Thursday's visit, al-Shaibani was accompanied by Syrian Justice Minister Mazhar al-Louais, the head of Syrian intelligence, Hussein al-Salama, and the assistant interior minister, Maj. Gen. Abdel Qader Tahan.

He met with President Aoun, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam, and Lebanese Foreign Minister Joseph Raji. Notably, he did not meet with Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri, marking a break from the protocol followed by most foreign visitors.

Sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the Syrian delegation did not request a meeting with Berri, with the Syrians viewing the visit as “technical and administrative, not requiring a parliamentary meeting.”

Though the visit appeared primarily “security-judicial” in nature, following three judicial delegations to Lebanon over the past two months, economic issues featured prominently.

Ministry sources said al-Shaibani emphasized the importance of economic and trade cooperation, as well as investment opportunities in Syria after the lifting of international sanctions. He also stressed the continuation of joint committees and meetings addressing pending security and judicial matters.

Aoun Calls for Enhanced Cooperation

The Lebanese presidency said President Aoun told al-Shaibani that “Lebanon seeks to strengthen ties with its brotherly neighbor on the basis of mutual respect and non-interference, and to activate cooperation in political, economic, and security fields to achieve stability in both Lebanon and Syria.”

Aoun stressed that “deepening and developing bilateral relations requires the formation of joint committees to review all pending files, particularly agreements between the two countries that need reassessment and evaluation.”

Regarding the suspension of the Lebanese-Syrian Higher Council, Aoun said it “necessitates the activation of diplomatic relations,” adding, “We await the appointment of a new Syrian ambassador to Lebanon to follow up on all matters through the Lebanese and Syrian embassies in Beirut and Damascus.”

He also noted that “the situation along the Lebanese-Syrian border is better than before, and the key issues requiring attention, as agreed with Syrian President Ahmed Al-Sharaa, include land and maritime borders, the gas line, and the issue of detainees. We will work on these matters based on our shared interests.” Aoun added: “The region has endured enough wars and wasted resources that should instead be invested to allow our peoples to live with dignity, after enduring so much suffering and instability.” He renewed an invitation for Al-Sharaa to visit Lebanon.

Economic and Trade Cooperation on the Agenda

At the start of the meetings, al-Shaibani highlighted “the historical ties between Lebanon and Syria, which should be deepened and past grievances corrected, particularly those that harmed Syria’s image.” He called for “enhanced cooperation in all fields, especially economic and trade, given the new openness to Syria following the lifting of sanctions, from which Lebanon can benefit.”

Al-Shaibani reaffirmed Syria’s respect for Lebanese sovereignty and commitment to strong, cooperative relations. “We look forward to closing the page on the past because we want to build the future,” he said. “We are ready to discuss any pending files, whether economic or security-related. Our peoples have suffered wars and tragedies—let us try peace.” He also renewed the invitation for President Aoun to visit Syria.

Executive-Level Talks at Government Palace

At the Government Palace, al-Shaibani and his delegation met with Prime Minister Nawaf Salam in meetings focused on practical coordination. The Lebanese government said the discussions were “positive and constructive,” covering all aspects of bilateral relations, affirming the mutual desire to open a new chapter based on respect, good neighborliness, and protection of each country’s sovereignty and national decision-making.

The talks addressed shared issues including border and checkpoint management, smuggling prevention, and facilitating the safe and dignified return of Syrian refugees in coordination with the United Nations and friendly countries. They also covered Syrian detainees in Lebanon and missing Lebanese in Syria, as well as reviewing bilateral agreements to better align with changing circumstances. Opportunities to enhance economic cooperation and contribute to reconstruction in Syria, leveraging Lebanese expertise, were also discussed.

Salam emphasized Lebanon’s commitment to “building balanced and sound relations with Syria, based on cooperation between two independent states bound by geography and history,” stressing that openness and sincere dialogue are the only path to stability in both countries and the region.

Deputy Prime Minister Tarek Metri said after the meetings that “we discussed Lebanese-Syrian relations and agreed to address all matters swiftly and in good faith. The political will of both our Syrian brothers and Lebanon is to resolve all issues without taboos or bargaining.”

Al-Shaibani Highlights Opportunities and Progress

Al-Shaibani highlighted several significant opportunities in the region, in both Syria and Lebanon, "across all economic and investment areas.” He noted that the issues discussed “require in-depth discussion and technical committees to advance calm and stable relations and open the door to strategic partnerships,” noting progress on speeding up the release of Syrian detainees in Roumieh prison and plans for the dignified return of refugees to their homes. He also stressed the need to secure borders to enhance security and stability.

He added that joint security and intelligence coordination will be strengthened, and technical and economic committees will be established to boost cooperation in both private and public sectors.

“This is a historic and highly important visit for both parties,” al-Shaibani said.

“The relationship between Syria and Lebanon today is moving from the previous era under the former regime to a relationship based on respect between brothers and neighbors.”



Lebanese President Meets Delegation Chief ahead of Direct Israel Talks

A woman walks past a billboard depicting Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and sentence reading in Arabic 'The decision is up to Lebanon' EPA/WAEL HAMZEH
A woman walks past a billboard depicting Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and sentence reading in Arabic 'The decision is up to Lebanon' EPA/WAEL HAMZEH
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Lebanese President Meets Delegation Chief ahead of Direct Israel Talks

A woman walks past a billboard depicting Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and sentence reading in Arabic 'The decision is up to Lebanon' EPA/WAEL HAMZEH
A woman walks past a billboard depicting Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and sentence reading in Arabic 'The decision is up to Lebanon' EPA/WAEL HAMZEH

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun on Friday met with veteran diplomat Simon Karam, the head of the delegation headed to Washington for planned talks with Israel next week.

Lebanon and Israel's US ambassadors had previously met twice in Washington over the past weeks, in an attempt to end the war that started when Hezbollah drew Lebanon into the Middle East conflict on March 2.

Foreign Minister Youssef Raggi said in a statement Friday that Lebanon's goals from the negotiations were "consolidating the ceasefire, securing Israel's withdrawal from occupied Lebanese territory, and restoring the state's full sovereignty over its national territory".

Despite a truce that has been in place since April 17, Israel has repeatedly bombed Lebanon, mostly the country's south, and retained control over border areas.

In a statement from the presidency, Aoun said he and Karam discussed "preparations for the meeting scheduled for next Thursday in Washington between the Lebanese, American and Israeli delegations".

Aoun provided Karam with "directives outlining Lebanon's firm positions regarding the negotiations", the statement added.

A Lebanese official who requested anonymity told AFP that Karam "will head to Washington soon" to lead the Lebanese delegation.

The Lebanese ambassador to the US, the deputy chief of mission and a military representative will also be part of the delegation, the official added.

The ambassador-level meeting on April 14 was the first of its kind in decades, as the two countries have officially been at war since 1948.

Following the first round of talks, US President Donald Trump announced a 10-day ceasefire, with a three-week extension announced after the second round.

Trump also said he expected Aoun and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to meet jointly with him at the White House "over the next couple of weeks".

But Aoun said on Monday that "we must first reach a security agreement and stop the Israeli attacks on us before we raise the issue of a meeting between us".

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, at a news conference on Tuesday, said "there's no problem between the Lebanese government and the Israeli government" and that Hezbollah was the issue.

"By and large, I think a peace deal between Lebanon and Israel is eminently achievable and should be," Rubio said.

Hezbollah is strongly opposed to the direct talks, calling them a "sin" and urging Beirut to withdraw from them.

Israeli strikes have killed more than 2,700 in Lebanon since March 2, including dozens since the ceasefire was announced.


Three-Member Committee Negotiates With Washington on Disarming Iraqi Factions

Popular Mobilization Forces brigades patrol. (PMF media office)
Popular Mobilization Forces brigades patrol. (PMF media office)
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Three-Member Committee Negotiates With Washington on Disarming Iraqi Factions

Popular Mobilization Forces brigades patrol. (PMF media office)
Popular Mobilization Forces brigades patrol. (PMF media office)

Asharq Al-Awsat has learned that an Iraqi committee comprising three senior figures is close to finalizing an “executive plan” to disarm armed factions, ahead of presenting it to US officials in the coming days.

As the process coincides with expected changes in the leadership of key security agencies under the incoming government, political and government officials ruled out the possibility that the plan would go beyond “buying time,” while representatives of three factions insisted they “will not surrender their weapons.”

Washington has intensified pressure on the ruling Shiite parties to disarm armed factions and prevent their representatives from participating in the new government. These pressures are expected to translate into practical measures as the formation of the next government in Baghdad approaches.

A photo released by the Coordination Framework shows, from left, Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi, Hadi al-Amiri, and Mohammed Shia al-Sudani.

Negotiations on Disarmament

The committee, whose existence is being disclosed for the first time, includes Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi, outgoing Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, and Badr Organization leader Hadi al-Amiri. According to sources, the committee has held secret negotiations with militia leaders, presenting them with “ideas on how to disarm and integrate fighters,” although some meetings “did not proceed calmly.”

Sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that al-Amiri’s presence, given his longstanding ties to Iran, “was supposed to help build trust with the factions and persuade them to engage with the state,” adding that the committee had been fully authorized by the Coordination Framework.

A climate of mistrust and mutual accusations prevails between Shiite party leaders and armed factions, the sources said, predicting that Zaidi’s government could face serious obstacles preventing it from implementing fundamental reforms related to weapons and financial resources that Washington says are deliberately being funneled to Iran through various channels.

Zaidi has enjoyed unprecedented support from the US administration since being formally tasked with forming a government. However, many believe the American “honeymoon” could end if no meaningful progress is made in reducing Iranian influence and severing militia ties to the Iraqi state.

A phone call last Wednesday between US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Prime Minister-designate Ali al-Zaidi reportedly signaled that Washington wants militia elements removed not only from senior ministerial posts, but also from positions at the level of director-general.

Sources said people close to Zaidi understood from the call with Hegseth that, from Washington’s perspective, the legitimacy of the new Baghdad government would depend on its ability to distance militias from the machinery of the state.

A senior political official told Asharq Al-Awsat that the committee had accelerated its work under mounting US pressure, noting that security advisers had been working for months on various options for disarmament or integration, but that the pace had intensified in recent weeks.

The official said the executive plan includes disarming factions of heavy and medium weapons and restructuring the Popular Mobilization Forces, without specifying how the process would be carried out.

Uncertainty continues to surround the future of the PMF in Iraq, particularly whether it will ultimately submit to US pressure and become part of the disarmament project.

Popular Mobilization Forces brigades patrol. (PMF media office)

A Plan to “Buy Time”

Iraqi politicians say General David Petraeus may visit Baghdad this week to ensure that “the new government fully severs its ties with militias.” It has not been possible to verify the official capacity Petraeus would hold during the expected visit to Baghdad.

Petraeus is considered one of the leading US commanders associated with the Iraq war after 2003. He gained extensive field and strategic experience, most notably as commander of the 101st Airborne Division during the invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein.

His later experience also positions him to play a role in the factions’ weapons matter. In 2004, he was tasked with training local security forces amid escalating sectarian violence and worked closely with political leaders, some of whom headed militias at the time, including Hadi al-Amiri.

Iraqi sources suggested that the “executive plan” being prepared by the committee “may offer promising ideas to convince the Americans of Zaidi’s seriousness regarding disarmament, but there are doubts over whether it will actually be implemented, and it may amount to little more than an attempt to buy time, enough to secure passage of Zaidi’s government while waiting for the Iran-US war to end.”

A prominent Shiite adviser said: “Stalling on the issue of factional weapons will end with the ruling alliance being classified as a political group supporting terrorism. For Iraq, this would mean awaiting severe economic sanctions as a rogue state.”

Zaidi’s government program consists of 14 points, headed by “restricting weapons to the hands of the state and enforcing the rule of law.” However, it also includes a clause on “developing the combat capabilities of the Popular Mobilization Forces and defining its responsibilities and role within the military structure.”

An Iraqi official told Asharq Al-Awsat that “Washington does not want to loosen its grip on Baghdad to prevent armed faction leaders and members from infiltrating the new government.”

‘We Will Not Surrender Our Weapons’

In response to the tougher US position, some armed factions are adopting a more hardline stance. A spokesperson for one faction said that Kataib Hezbollah, Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada, and Harakat al-Nujaba reject handing over their weapons to any party whatsoever.

The spokesperson, who requested anonymity, said the three factions were “prepared to pay any price resulting from their refusal to disarm.”

Sources said the armed factions do not believe they are compelled to relinquish their weapons. Instead, they view potential US consequences as unlikely to be harsher than what occurred during the previous war, including assassinations and the destruction of infrastructure.

“The war showed us how more power can be gained,” the faction spokesperson said.

Within the Coordination Framework, questions are being raised about whether Washington seeks to isolate all militias from state institutions, including those that have begun adopting rhetoric less centered on weapons and already hold seats in the Iraqi parliament.

These groups, led by Asaib Ahl al-Haq, are exploring alternative formulas for participating in the new government by reviving a model previously used during Mustafa al-Kadhimi’s administration: backing figures described as independent for ministerial positions while maintaining indirect influence over those posts.

US Treasury sanctions announced Thursday targeted figures involved in oil smuggling, including Laith al-Khazali, brother of Asaib Ahl al-Haq leader Qais al-Khazali, who has reportedly at times been considered for the Interior Ministry and at others for a service ministry.

The sanctions also included Ali Muaredh al-Bahadli. Informed sources said “a political faction had nominated him for the position of Iraqi oil minister.”

Politicians from the Coordination Framework said the sanctions may have been intended to “block undesirable nominations and steer the process toward other candidates.”

Although the disarmament negotiations appear in essence to be discussions about repositioning armed groups in a way that does not provoke American anger, according to one Iraqi official, that does not mean changes will not occur.

The official said the new government would witness security appointments aimed at reducing factional influence over sensitive institutions, including the intelligence service, which is likely to be headed by a Sunni figure.


Iraq Denies US Claims Deputy Oil Minister Helped Iran Evade Sanctions

A view of the Shuaiba oil refinery southwest of Basra, Iraq. (Reuters/File Photo)
A view of the Shuaiba oil refinery southwest of Basra, Iraq. (Reuters/File Photo)
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Iraq Denies US Claims Deputy Oil Minister Helped Iran Evade Sanctions

A view of the Shuaiba oil refinery southwest of Basra, Iraq. (Reuters/File Photo)
A view of the Shuaiba oil refinery southwest of Basra, Iraq. (Reuters/File Photo)

Iraq's oil ministry has denied US accusations against its deputy minister, who the United States hit with sanctions over alleged support to Iran as Washington escalates pressure on Baghdad to break with Iranian-linked groups.

The US State Department on Thursday announced sanctions on Ali Maarij al-Bahadli, saying he "abused his government position to divert Iraqi oil in support of the Iranian regime and its terrorist proxies."

It accused him of fraudulently mixing Iraqi and Iranian oil as part of a scheme to help Iran avoid sanctions.

His ministry said late Thursday that "it denies the accusations" against Bahadli and stressed "the importance of transparency in addressing all... accusations on the basis of evidence and facts," according to the INA state news agency.

The ministry said it was prepared to investigate the matter, but added that "crude oil export operations, marketing, loading onto tankers, and related procedures" were not part of Bahadli's job.

After entities run by an Iraqi businessman were sanctioned over the same accusations last year, Iraq's state oil marketing company SOMO denied that any oil mixing operations were taking place in the country's ports or territorial waters to help Iran.

The United States has unilateral sanctions against Iranian oil, seeking to punish any country or company that buys it.