NORAD Continues Decades-long Tradition of Tracking Santa's Trip around the World

Christmas trees are displayed inside a hangar at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colo., on Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025 in advance of the annual NORAD Tracks Santa Operation, at the North American Aerospace Defense Command. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
Christmas trees are displayed inside a hangar at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colo., on Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025 in advance of the annual NORAD Tracks Santa Operation, at the North American Aerospace Defense Command. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
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NORAD Continues Decades-long Tradition of Tracking Santa's Trip around the World

Christmas trees are displayed inside a hangar at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colo., on Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025 in advance of the annual NORAD Tracks Santa Operation, at the North American Aerospace Defense Command. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)
Christmas trees are displayed inside a hangar at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colo., on Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025 in advance of the annual NORAD Tracks Santa Operation, at the North American Aerospace Defense Command. (AP Photo/Thomas Peipert)

Sometimes kids drop the phone after hearing Santa won't show up if they're not asleep. Others who call the NORAD Tracks Santa hotline wonder if St. Nick will be able to find them.

Adults who also remain devoted to the jolly figure said to deliver presents around the world are checking up on his journey. For 70 years, that's been the tradition at the North American Aerospace Defense Command — a joint United States and Canadian operation charged with monitoring the skies for threats since the Cold War, The AP news reported.

More than 1,000 volunteers will be taking calls to 1-877-HI-NORAD on Christmas Eve from 4 a.m. to midnight Mountain Standard Time. For the first time this year, Santa seekers can place a call through the program's website, which organizers say will be easier for people outside North America.

The website allows people to follow Santa’s journey in nine languages, including English and Japanese.

Last year, about 380,000 calls came into a hangar festooned with Christmas decorations at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado Springs — the home of NORAD.

While Santa is no threat, the same combination of radar, satellites and jets that help NORAD carry out its mission throughout the year make it capable of tracking the progress of Santa starting from the international date line over the Pacific Ocean, said Col. Kelly Frushour, a NORAD spokesperson.

Rudolph's nose gives off a heat signature similar to a missile that is picked up by NORAD's satellites, she said.

‘Faster than starlight’ Last year, Frushour said one girl was upset after hearing Santa was on his way to the International Space Station, where two astronauts were stranded.

“Thankfully, by the time the call was over, Santa Claus had moved on to another destination and the child was reassured that Santa was not trapped in space and was going to make it to her house later that evening,” Frushour said.

A special needs man named Henry who calls every year once asked if the jet pilot escorting Santa through North America could put a note in the plane letting Santa know he was in bed and ready for him to come, said Michelle Martin, a NORAD staffer and Marine veteran.

She said she explained that Santa travels “faster than starlight.”

"I don’t know that our pilot can catch up with him fast enough. He just waves and he goes,” she recalled saying.

A tradition started by mistake The tradition started in 1955 when NORAD’s predecessor, the Continental Air Defense Command, was on the lookout for any sign of a possible nuclear attack from the then-Soviet Union. NORAD says a child mistakenly called the combat operations center and asked to speak to Santa Claus. The commander on duty, Air Force Col. Harry Shoup didn't want to disappoint the child, so he ordered staffers to start tracking Santa and take calls from children.

The story goes that the first phone call was either the result of a misprint or a misdial of a number included in a Sears advertisement in the Colorado Springs newspaper encouraging children to call Santa.

The legend developed into the first call coming into a dedicated hotline that connected the command with a general in case of an attack. In 2015, The Atlantic magazine doubted the flood of calls to the secret line, saying a call to a public phone line was more probable and noting that Shoup had a flair for public relations.

In a 1999 interview with The Associated Press, Shoup recalled playing along once he figured out what was happening, telling the first caller, “Ho, ho, ho, I am Santa.”

“The crew was looking at me like I had lost it," he recalled.

He said he told his staff what was happening and told them to play along, too.

It’s not clear what day the first call came in, but by Dec. 23 of that first year, The Associated Press reported that CONAD was tracking Santa.

CONAD soon became North American Aerospace Defense Command. It used to operate inside nearby Cheyenne Mountain. A network of tunnels had been blasted out of the mountain's hard granite so NORAD officers could survive a nuclear attack.



Saudi Arabia Establishes Royal Institute of Anthropology to Study Social Change

The establishment of the institute provides a scientific platform for documenting heritage and deepening awareness of local culture through anthropological research. (SPA)
The establishment of the institute provides a scientific platform for documenting heritage and deepening awareness of local culture through anthropological research. (SPA)
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Saudi Arabia Establishes Royal Institute of Anthropology to Study Social Change

The establishment of the institute provides a scientific platform for documenting heritage and deepening awareness of local culture through anthropological research. (SPA)
The establishment of the institute provides a scientific platform for documenting heritage and deepening awareness of local culture through anthropological research. (SPA)

Saudi Arabia has approved the establishment of the Royal Institute of Anthropology and Cultural Studies, marking a significant step toward expanding research on Saudi society and documenting its social transformations.

The institute, approved by the Saudi Cabinet on Tuesday, is expected to strengthen scholarly work related to the study of Saudi communities through rigorous scientific methods.

Saudi Minister of Culture Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Farhan Al Saud welcomed the decision and thanked the Kingdom’s leadership for supporting the initiative.

He said the institute would serve as “a trusted narrator of our culture and a beacon of inspiration in studies that seek to understand humanity.”

Prince Badr added that the institute would provide a scientific platform for documenting Saudi heritage and deepening awareness of local culture through anthropological research. He noted that its work would help generate meaningful cultural insights and encourage cultural exchange with the wider world.

Saudi Arabia holds particular significance in anthropology and cultural studies because of its deep historical and civilizational heritage, which stretches back centuries.

The Kingdom is also characterized by wide cultural, social and regional diversity reflected in lifestyles, customs and traditions, language and oral expression, as well as literature, performing arts, architecture, visual arts, culinary traditions and fashion. Together, these elements provide rich material for academic study, analysis and documentation.

The institute will develop both academic and applied research in anthropology and cultural studies. Its work will include examining local communities, patterns of daily life, symbolic systems, social transformations and forms of cultural expression across the Kingdom.

It will also document both tangible and intangible cultural heritage within their social and historical contexts, including the knowledge systems, practices and values associated with them. The aim is to provide a comprehensive scientific understanding of cultural elements as part of the living human experience.

Observers and academics say the decision also reflects a shift in attitudes toward anthropology in Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Hamza bin Qablan Al-Mozainy said the institute’s establishment demonstrates growing recognition of the field’s importance. Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, he noted that anthropology once faced strong resistance in academic circles.

He cited the experience of Dr. Saad Al-Sowayan, one of the Kingdom’s pioneering anthropologists, who encountered opposition when he attempted to introduce the discipline in universities. As a result, Al-Sowayan carried out much of his research outside academic institutions, producing influential studies on Saudi society.

Al-Mozainy said Saudi society remains insufficiently studied, making it a rich field for future anthropological research. He added that the discipline helps societies better understand themselves and address both their strengths and their challenges.


Kenya Arrests Man Trying to Smuggle Over 2,000 Live Ants in his Luggage

People arriving at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA), in Nairobi, Kenya, on 06 March 2026. EPA/DANIEL IRUNGU
People arriving at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA), in Nairobi, Kenya, on 06 March 2026. EPA/DANIEL IRUNGU
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Kenya Arrests Man Trying to Smuggle Over 2,000 Live Ants in his Luggage

People arriving at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA), in Nairobi, Kenya, on 06 March 2026. EPA/DANIEL IRUNGU
People arriving at the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA), in Nairobi, Kenya, on 06 March 2026. EPA/DANIEL IRUNGU

A man was arrested with more than 2,200 live garden ants in his luggage at Nairobi's main airport this week amid a rise in cases of smuggling of the insects in Kenya.

Chinese national Zhang Kequn, 27, was arrested at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport on Tuesday while he was trying to leave the country, court filings seen by Reuters on Thursday showed. Immigration officials flagged a "stop order" on Zhang's passport after he ⁠evaded arrest in ⁠Kenya last year.

Ant aficionados pay large sums to maintain colonies in large transparent vessels known as formicariums, which offer a literal window into the species' complex social structures and behaviors.

Last year four men were fined $7,700 each ⁠for trying to traffic thousands of ants valuable to Kenya's ecosystem in a case that experts said signaled a shift in biopiracy from trophies like elephant ivory to lesser-known species.

Investigators said a search of Zhang's luggage recovered 2,238 ants, including 1,948 packed in test tubes and the rest in three rolls of "soft tissue papers".

They said Zhang had been in Kenya for ⁠two ⁠weeks and had mentioned three accomplices who supplied him with the ants.

The Kenya Wildlife Service told the court that it needed more time to complete investigations, including examining an iPhone and a MacBook recovered from Zhang.

The wildlife service said a similar consignment of ants had been seized in Bangkok on Tuesday that originated from Kenya, indicating the existence of a widespread and organized ant-smuggling network.


King Penguins Are the Rare Species Benefiting from Warming World. But that Could Change

In this photo provided by Gaël Bardon, part of the king penguin colony is visible at La Baie du Marin, Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, Jan. 16, 2026. (Gaël Bardon/CSM/CNRS/IPEV via AP)
In this photo provided by Gaël Bardon, part of the king penguin colony is visible at La Baie du Marin, Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, Jan. 16, 2026. (Gaël Bardon/CSM/CNRS/IPEV via AP)
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King Penguins Are the Rare Species Benefiting from Warming World. But that Could Change

In this photo provided by Gaël Bardon, part of the king penguin colony is visible at La Baie du Marin, Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, Jan. 16, 2026. (Gaël Bardon/CSM/CNRS/IPEV via AP)
In this photo provided by Gaël Bardon, part of the king penguin colony is visible at La Baie du Marin, Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, Jan. 16, 2026. (Gaël Bardon/CSM/CNRS/IPEV via AP)

The warming world has disrupted the timing for plant and animal reproduction, and it's usually bad news for species that depend on each other — like flowers blooming too early and pollinating bees arriving too late. But researchers have found the rare critter that's getting a boost from the change: King penguins.

A new study of 19,000 king penguins in a sub-Antarctic island chain found their breeding is starting 19 days earlier than it did in 2000. Mating earlier has increased the breeding success rate by 40%, according to a study in Wednesday's journal Science Advances.

The study of timing in nature is called phenology. It's been a major concern for biologists because predators and prey and pollinators and plants are mostly adapting to warmer climates at different rates. And that means crucial mismatches in timing.

It's especially common in birds and pollinating species such as bees. Most birds, especially in North America, aren't keeping pace with changes in phenology, according to Clemson University biological sciences professor Casey Youngflesh, who wasn't part of the study.

Having a species like the king penguin adapt so well to seasonal shifts and timing changes “is unprecedented,” said study co-author Celine Le Bohec, a seabird ecologist at the French science agency CNRS. “It's quite striking.”

Unlike other penguins — which are threatened with dwindling numbers because of earlier breeding — the king penguin has the ability to breed from late October to March. And they are taking advantage of that flexibility, Le Bohec said.

They are succeeding even though the water is warming and the food web that they rely on is changing with it, said Le Bohec and study lead author Gaël Bardon, a seabird ecologist at the Scientific Centre of Monaco.

“They can adjust really well their foraging behavior,” Bardon said. “We know that some birds are going directly to the south, to the polar front. Some are going to the north. Some are staying around the colony and so they can adjust their behavior and that’s what makes king penguins cope really well with such changes for the moment.”

Le Bohec added that it may only be a temporary adjustment to an environment that is changing quickly. "So that’s why for the moment the species is able to cope with this change, but till when? This, we don’t know, because it’s going very, very fast.”

Other penguins that have limited diets are more threatened by changes coming from a warming ocean and the makeup of the food chain. But king penguins — which are so abundant they are considered a species of least concern — can eat other prey besides the lanternfish that makes up their primary diet, researchers said.

“The king penguin may have a bit of flexibility as a trick up its sleeve, and may be in a good position to adapt as their environment changes,” said Michelle LaRue, a professor of Antarctic marine science at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand who was not part of the study. But she said she wonders what happens after breeding because king penguins live 20 or more years in the wild and this study looks at only a small part of their lifespan.

Outside scientists are just as cautious as Le Bohec and Bardon over whether to declare the king penguins a rare good-news climate change story.

“Winning for this species might mean losing for another species if they are competing for resources,” The Associated Press quoted Clemson's Youngflesh as saying.

Ignacio Juarez Martinez, a biologist at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, who conducted a study of different penguins with earlier breeding, said: “This study shows that king penguins might be a winner for now, which is excellent news, but climate change is ongoing and future changes to currents, precipitation or temperatures can undo these gains.”