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International Mining Conference Opens in Riyadh on Tuesday 

People attend the fourth edition of the International Mining Conference in Riyadh. (SPA)
People attend the fourth edition of the International Mining Conference in Riyadh. (SPA)
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International Mining Conference Opens in Riyadh on Tuesday 

People attend the fourth edition of the International Mining Conference in Riyadh. (SPA)
People attend the fourth edition of the International Mining Conference in Riyadh. (SPA)

Under the patronage of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the fifth edition of the International Mining Conference will open in Riyadh on Tuesday under the theme “Minerals: Meeting the Challenges of a New Era of Development.”

Around 200 exhibiting and sponsoring entities are expected to participate, paving the way for the signing of approximately 150 memoranda of understanding and strategic agreements.

Organized by the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources, the three-day conference aims to bring together governments, mining companies, financial institutions, and governmental and non-governmental organizations to strengthen global dialogue on the future of the minerals sector.

Strategic pillars

This year’s conference is built around three strategic pillars designed to transform challenges into regional and international opportunities. The first focuses on developing innovative financing models for infrastructure, enabling the activation of seven major mineral corridors in Africa and South America, with the potential for expansion to other regions.

The second pillar centers on capacity-building in mineral-producing countries through the establishment of a global network of centers of excellence specializing in geology, innovation, sustainability, workforce development, and regulatory frameworks.

The third pillar aims to boost transparency across manufacturing value chains through the launch of a pilot system for tracking mineral supply chains, which could later be scaled globally.

International ministerial meeting

As in previous editions, the conference will open with an international ministerial meeting for ministers responsible for mining, reinforcing its position as the largest multilateral governmental platform in the sector.

Participation this year is expected from 100 countries, up from 90 in the previous edition, including 16 G20 members and around 50 international organizations, among them the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Council on Mining and Metals, the UN Industrial Development Organization, and the International Organization for Standardization.

Last year’s meeting produced several landmark initiatives, including agreement on an international framework for critical minerals to strengthen global supply chains and the launch of a network of centers of excellence spanning Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia.

Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef said the fifth edition of the conference would further consolidate the Kingdom’s role as a global leader in shaping the future of mining and minerals, attracting investment, and ensuring responsible and secure mineral supplies.

He described the event as a call for collective action and a platform for building new partnerships.

The previous edition witnessed the signing of 126 agreements and memoranda of understanding worth SR107 billion ($28.5 billion), alongside four strategic projects. These included a joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Maaden to explore critical minerals for the energy transition, a potential expansion of the Mansourah–Massarah mine, new discoveries at Wadi al-Jaw and the Shiban deposits, the acquisition of Al Rajhi Steel Industries by Hadeed, and plans to build the first fully integrated steel plant outside China in partnership with Baosteel, Aramco, and the Saudi Public Investment Fund.

Outlook for the minerals sector

Coinciding with the conference, organizers released the Future Minerals Indicators Report, offering a comprehensive assessment of the global minerals sector amid surging demand driven by the energy transition, advanced manufacturing, and mounting supply-chain pressures.

The report stressed that minerals have become a strategic pillar of energy security and long-term industrial development, calling for a shift from diagnosis to implementation through clear policies, targeted investment, and broader international cooperation.

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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.

Business

Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.

Business

Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.