Australia unveiled draft laws on Tuesday that would tax tech giants Meta, Google and TikTok unless they voluntarily strike deals to pay local outlets for news.
Traditional media companies around the world are in a battle for survival as readers increasingly consume their news on social media.
Australia wants big tech companies to compensate local publishers for sharing articles that drive traffic on their platforms.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said tech giants Meta, Google and TikTok would be given a chance to strike content deals with local news publishers.
If they refused, they faced a compulsory levy that amounted to 2.25 percent of their Australian revenue, he said.
"Large digital platforms cannot avoid their obligations under the news media bargaining code," Albanese told reporters.
"At this point the three organizations are Meta, Google and TikTok."
The changes aim to close a loophole under a previous media law which allowed organizations to avoid a levy if they removed news from their platforms.
The three firms were singled out based on a combination of their Australian revenues and large numbers of domestic users.
The draft laws have been designed to stop the tech giants from simply stripping news from their platforms -- something Meta and Google have done in the past.
"What we are encouraging is for them to sit down with news organizations and get these deals done," Albanese said.
When Canberra mooted similar laws in 2024, Facebook parent Meta announced that Australian users would no longer be able to access the "news" tab.
Meta had previously announced it would not renew content deals with news publishers in the United States, Britain, France and Germany.
- 'Only fair' -
Google has similarly threatened to restrict its search engine in Australia if forced to compensate news outlets.
Journalism needed to have a "monetary value attached to it", Albanese said.
"It shouldn't be able to be taken by a large multinational corporation and used to generate profits with no compensation."
Supporters of such laws argue that social media companies attract users with news stories and hoover up online advertising dollars that would otherwise go to struggling newsrooms.
Meta said the proposed laws were "nothing more than a digital services tax".
"News organizations voluntarily post content on our platforms because they receive value from doing so," a spokeswoman said in a statement to AFP.
"The idea that we take their news content is simply wrong."
Australia's University of Canberra has found that more than half the country uses social media as a source of news.
"People are increasingly getting their news directly from Facebook, from TikTok and Google," Communications Minister Anika Wells said.
"We believe it's only fair that large digital platforms contribute to the hard work that enriches their feeds and that drives their revenue."
The draft laws were presented for public consultation on Tuesday, which will close in May.
They would then be introduced into parliament later this year.
