South Lebanon Caught Between Ali al-Taher and Strait of Hormuz

A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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South Lebanon Caught Between Ali al-Taher and Strait of Hormuz

A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)
A building reduced to rubble by Israeli bombardment (Asharq Al-Awsat)

These small stones were once walls and roofs that made those beneath them believe they were protected from summer heat, winter cold and treacherous winds.

Under those roofs, mothers held their children close and cooked meals to stave off hunger. Children left for school and grew up under their parents’ eyes, amid their grandparents’ smiles and photographs hanging on the walls.

That was before the hurricane. It is no longer.

These stones were once apartment buildings whose residents imagined they were permanent homes and safe shelters.

A colleague explains the ruins. A gutted, burned apartment means a drone struck it in an assassination operation. A mound of rubble means a fighter jet tore down the building, burying those who failed to escape.

You stare at debris tangled with electricity cables. Here are the remains of a balcony where someone once drank tea and rested after working in a field or garden. There are the remains of beds made for sleep, and perhaps for dreams. A coffee pot has lost its purpose forever. The windows died with their walls.

How difficult it is to live near a man named Benjamin Netanyahu. It became harder after the “Sinwar Flood.”

Destruction is seen at a site bombarded by Israel in southern Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)

A Lebanese army soldier advised us not to go farther. The road leads to Ali al-Taher hill, he said. The occupation has turned it into a killing zone and spares nothing that moves.

In the south, people say the hill, whose outskirts the Israeli army has approached, contains tunnels and operations rooms used by Hezbollah fighters. They say Israel is preparing to seize it as soon as the restraints Donald Trump imposed on its movements begin to loosen.

Ali al-Taher has acquired unusual symbolic importance. Experts believe Israel may be willing to bear the losses required to capture it.

We followed the soldier’s advice and settled for inspecting the city’s wounds, including its commercial markets, which the occupation army had condemned to death, leaving what resembled a mass grave.

Then came a buzzing sound from the sky.

My colleague Thaer Abbas said it was an Israeli drone. It circled overhead as if reminding those below that they lived at its mercy, that it could erase them whenever it chose, monitor their movements and count their breaths.

I had heard drones over Beirut before. But near Ali al-Taher, the sound was like knives moving through arteries.

It reminds those beneath it that the occupation’s reach is long. It reminds them they lost the war.

A building that became rubble (Asharq Al-Awsat)

In Nabatieh, people say that what the city endured, despite its horror, was far less severe than what happened to the border villages now in the Israeli army’s grip.

The Israeli army perfected their complete or near-complete erasure, making the return of residents impossible. It left no roof and no wall. It did not spare the trees or electricity poles.

It is frightening to hear that dozens of border villages now resemble Gaza.

Bodies are said to remain beneath the rubble of crushed villages. Drones strike at bulldozers whenever they try to approach, preventing families from recovering their loved ones and shrouding them with handkerchiefs soaked in tears and handfuls of soil.

How cruel for a homeland to become a grave, or a grave in the making.

A man familiar with the map began listing the villages and what remained of them. He feared another round in which Israeli forces would advance towards Ali al-Taher, perhaps encouraging them to move towards other hills.

Israel’s ambitions in Lebanon, he reminded us, are old, particularly its ambitions over the country’s water.

A visitor may hear that the fate of the “Ali al-Taher Strait” is tied to that of the Strait of Hormuz.

Anyone following events needs no reminder of the Iranian thread linking southern Lebanon to the region’s wider crisis. The issue goes beyond Lebanon’s appearance in the first clause of the US-Iranian memorandum of understanding under the heading of a ceasefire.

Extensive destruction in front of Jabal Amel hospital in southern Lebanon (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The Iranian connection did not begin with the memorandum. It is deeper and older.

On the road to Tyre and from there to Nabatieh, portraits tell the story: Hassan Nasrallah and his comrades, Khomeini, Khamenei senior with Khamenei junior, and Qassem Soleimani.

There are also portraits of Nabih Berri. We passed near his stronghold in Msayleh, where we had previously visited and interviewed him.

I felt sorrow as I watched Lebanese army soldiers. The Israeli army had destroyed the military’s positions south of the Litani River and killed dozens of its troops.

The army’s story is a tragedy within a country whose story is itself a tragedy.

How difficult it is for an army to be strong in a fragile country, one accompanied by division since its birth and unable to escape it at every major national juncture.

The Lebanese army does not lack competence or courage. What it has always lacked is the firm backing of a unified political decision.

It is repeatedly called upon to carry out difficult missions beyond its capabilities and equipment, without a clear and unambiguous political mandate.

The editor-in-chief in front of the rubble of destroyed buildings (Asharq Al-Awsat)

The story did not begin in recent years.

It began when the late Lebanese army commander, General Emile Boustany, signed the Cairo Agreement with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.

Lebanon’s authorities were forced to surrender part of the country’s sovereignty to avoid a civil war that would come later.

Lebanon was effectively assigned the role of an open front against Israel while the other fronts fell silent, particularly the Syrian Golan front after the 1973 war.

Southern Lebanon was left suspended on the high-voltage line of military conflict with Israel.

In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon and occupied Beirut. The Lebanese National Resistance Front, known as Jammoul, emerged.

In the mid-1980s, Hafez al-Assad ordered it removed in favor of the “Islamic Resistance” represented by Hezbollah.

The Lebanese-Israeli border was transformed into an Iranian-Israeli border, with the 2006 war becoming one episode in that confrontation.

For decades, Lebanon’s tragedy was marked by collapses and assassinations.

The grave of Kamal Jumblatt. The grave of BaShir Gemayel. The grave of Rene Moawad. The grave of Rafic Hariri.

Everyone who tried to reclaim Lebanese decision-making was beheaded, despite their different positions and methods.

The removal of rubble of destroyed buildings (Asharq Al-Awsat)

On the return journey, I remembered a southerner with whom I had maintained a dialogue for more than three decades.

He was Mohsen Ibrahim, the former secretary-general of the Organization of Communist Action and the Lebanese National Movement.

Ibrahim acknowledged that “the National Movement burdened Lebanon with more than it could bear when it went too far in embracing the Palestinian resistance.”

One day, he surprised me by saying: “Hezbollah is also burdening Lebanon with more than it can bear.”

He spoke years after the assassination of Rafic Hariri and Hezbollah’s military intervention in Syria to save Bashar al-Assad’s government.

On the way back, we saw a UNIFIL convoy leaving, never to return.

The international presence along the Lebanese-Israeli border was sometimes useful but always powerless.

The force operated amid Israeli violations it could not prevent and above Hezbollah tunnels being prepared for the next war, which it could do little but ignore.

Lebanon today faces a predicament more difficult than any it has known.

After the “Sinwar Flood,” Hezbollah chose to enter the battle in “support of Gaza.” After the assassination of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, it chose to wage a war of “revenge.”

The results of both wars can be seen in the occupation of parts of southern Lebanon.

Israel changed its military doctrine after the “Flood.” It no longer accepts living alongside what it calls threats across its borders.

It chose instead to enter the territory of others and establish “safe zones.”

It has clearly decided to remove Lebanon from the military side of its conflict.

That has coincided with international pressure on Lebanon to extend its authority across all its territory through its legitimate forces alone.

That means disarming Hezbollah, or restricting its weapons, as the softer formulation puts it.

Neither Hezbollah nor Iran accepts this.

Hezbollah’s insistence on retaining its weapons has deepened estrangement and prompted talk of other formulas for coexistence, or of a softer form of divorce.

Southern Lebanon hangs from a rope stretching between the situation at “Ali al-Taher” and the conflict in the Strait of Hormuz.

Lebanon itself hangs over a crisis among its constituent communities, threatening to confirm that it lost the war in the south and is preparing to lose it in the capital as well.



How Will the Showdown Between al-Zaidi and Kataib Hezbollah End?

Members of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah carry the group's flag in central Baghdad (AFP)
Members of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah carry the group's flag in central Baghdad (AFP)
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How Will the Showdown Between al-Zaidi and Kataib Hezbollah End?

Members of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah carry the group's flag in central Baghdad (AFP)
Members of Iraq's Kataib Hezbollah carry the group's flag in central Baghdad (AFP)

A two-week standoff between Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi and Kataib Hezbollah has erupted into a public war of accusations, complicating government efforts to bring the weapons of Iran-backed armed groups under state control.

Tensions flared after leaked intelligence reports accused Kataib Hezbollah of smuggling thousands of barrels of oil extracted from Jurf al-Sakhar, south of Baghdad. The group has controlled the area for nearly a decade, barring successive governments from entering.

On Friday, the government sent a committee headed by the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) to investigate the smuggling allegations.

Lieutenant General Saad Maan, head of Iraq's Security Media Cell, said neither political parties nor armed factions were represented on the committee investigating the smuggling of petroleum products in Jurf al-Sakhar.

A senior official in the ruling Shiite Coordination Framework told Asharq Al-Awsat that the investigation into Kataib Hezbollah's alleged oil sales marked the first government move on the ground inside the restricted area controlled by the group.

Iran's patronage

Kataib Hezbollah was founded after the 2003 US invasion of Iraq by Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, who was killed in a US strike near Baghdad International Airport in early 2020 alongside Qassem Soleimani, commander of the Quds Force of Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps.

The Coordination Framework official said the group's strength and influence could not be understood without examining its ties to its Iranian patron.

Successive governments had largely failed to confront Kataib Hezbollah or enter Jurf al-Sakhar because of the power it drew from its close ties with Tehran, the official said, describing it as the spearhead of factions loyal to Iran's doctrine of guardianship of the Islamic jurist.

Despite a lack of reliable figures on its fighters and weapons, the official warned against underestimating the group's military strength.

Kataib Hezbollah has a sizable arsenal of rockets and drones, the official said, without specifying their types or numbers.

But Iran's financial backing was largely limited to the group's early years, the source said. Over the past few years, Kataib Hezbollah has developed a network of financial interests of its own, potentially including oil investment or theft.

The group also receives substantial funding from the PMF through three brigades under its command.

The official warned that the standoff with al-Zaidi's government had reached a dangerous point, raising serious alarm within the Coordination Framework.

Senior Shiite leaders were working intensively to avert a possible confrontation between the government and Kataib Hezbollah, the official said.

Taking on armed factions

Will al-Zaidi see the confrontation through?

Political analyst Akeel Abbas believes the prime minister has already gone further than any of his predecessors in confronting armed factions over their weapons.

Al-Zaidi has not only openly challenged one of Iraq's most powerful armed groups but also exposed corruption cases in Jurf al-Sakhar, an area of exceptional geographical and political sensitivity, Abbas told Asharq Al-Awsat.

"The decision to confront the group has already been made," Abbas said, although the nature of that confrontation could change as events unfold.

The Coordination Framework's influence over the dispute appears to be waning, he said, with its traditional role as mediator between the prime minister and armed factions no longer as effective as before.

Abbas called the latest standoff a significant development that challenged a long-standing assumption in Iraqi politics: any prime minister who confronted armed factions would be ousted.

US backing and the judiciary

Two factors have strengthened al-Zaidi's hand, according to Abbas: US backing at a time when Iran is grappling with acute weakness and turmoil, and support from Iraq's judiciary.

Together, he said, they have made the difference in the confrontation.

Still, Abbas did not rule out a retreat by the prime minister.

Under current circumstances, al-Zaidi appears to hold the stronger position against Kataib Hezbollah, a striking reversal in Iraqi politics, he said.

But backing down would be difficult for the prime minister, making a political deal between the two sides the more likely outcome as both seek to avoid defeat.

No clear strategy

Ayad al-Anbar, a political science professor at the University of Baghdad, is less convinced by the government's campaign to bring armed groups' weapons under state control.

He questioned whether the government has a coherent strategy for disarming the factions or confronting Kataib Hezbollah.

"The government's strategy for bringing weapons under state control remains unclear," Anbar told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Instead, he said, authorities rely on short-term tactics that shift with events and the reactions they provoke.

There is little sign of a clearly defined plan, with successive steps or contingency options, he said. Government measures trigger responses from armed factions, only for tensions to ease and the escalation to be contained.

Anbar said the same pattern applied to the government's latest pressure tactic: economic pressure.

The confrontation with Kataib Hezbollah and the wider disarmament issue have become exercises in political sparring and shows of force rather than a serious debate over a fundamental problem, he said.

The Iraqi state's fragility inevitably weakens its security system and allows competing centers of power and control to emerge, Anbar argued.

"In a country of political fiefdoms, why wouldn't those with weapons seek to become security fiefdoms themselves?" he asked.

That, he said, explains a fundamental part of the problem.


Senior Hamas Commander Killed in Israeli Strike

File photo of Samir Abu Younis
File photo of Samir Abu Younis
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Senior Hamas Commander Killed in Israeli Strike

File photo of Samir Abu Younis
File photo of Samir Abu Younis

Hamas' armed wing said on Sunday that a senior commander who helped plan and oversee the October 7, 2023, attack on Israel had been killed in an Israeli airstrike.

The Al-Qassam Brigades identified the commander as Samir Abu Younis, 53, the commander of its Rafah brigade, and said he was killed on Saturday.

The Israeli military said ⁠on Sunday it ⁠had struck a senior commander in Hamas' armed wing but did not identify him.

Medics said Abu Younis was killed and others were wounded in an airstrike that targeted him in a street in ⁠the Mawasi area of Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip.

Hamas said Abu Younis joined Hamas' armed wing in 1991 and had held several senior operational roles in Rafah before becoming commander of the brigade.

Hamas said his funeral would be held on Sunday afternoon in Khan Younis.

An October 2025 ceasefire halted major fighting but has not stopped Israeli attacks ⁠or ⁠secured Hamas' disarmament.

Gaza health authorities say at least 1,600 Palestinians have been killed since the ceasefire went into effect. Five Israeli soldiers have been killed during the same period.

Palestinian authorities say more than 74,000 people have been killed in Israel's military campaign against Gaza, launched after Hamas-led fighters killed about 1,200 people in southern Israel in October 2023.


EU Urges ‘Immediate, Unimpeded’ Flood Aid to Gaza

 Displaced Palestinians walk through a rain-soaked tent camp following heavy rainfall in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip, Saturday, Nov. 7, 2026. (AP)
Displaced Palestinians walk through a rain-soaked tent camp following heavy rainfall in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip, Saturday, Nov. 7, 2026. (AP)
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EU Urges ‘Immediate, Unimpeded’ Flood Aid to Gaza

 Displaced Palestinians walk through a rain-soaked tent camp following heavy rainfall in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip, Saturday, Nov. 7, 2026. (AP)
Displaced Palestinians walk through a rain-soaked tent camp following heavy rainfall in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip, Saturday, Nov. 7, 2026. (AP)

The European Union on Saturday demanded Israel grant urgent access for aid groups to Gaza to help the victims of devastating floods there.

"We urge Israel to allow immediate, unimpeded access and sustained distribution of humanitarian assistance and early recovery support at scale, and to reopen all Gaza border crossings," it said in a statement.