'Bad Days Await': Istanbul Dams Run Low in Summer Heat

Istanbul's water reservoirs are less than one-third full after another hot and dry summer. YASIN AKGUL / AFP
Istanbul's water reservoirs are less than one-third full after another hot and dry summer. YASIN AKGUL / AFP
TT

'Bad Days Await': Istanbul Dams Run Low in Summer Heat

Istanbul's water reservoirs are less than one-third full after another hot and dry summer. YASIN AKGUL / AFP
Istanbul's water reservoirs are less than one-third full after another hot and dry summer. YASIN AKGUL / AFP

The bank of screens in Ismail Aydin's Istanbul water management system control room flashes a worrying number: 29.7 percent.

That is the capacity level to which Istanbul's water reservoirs have dropped after another steamy summer put Türkiye’s largest city on the edge of a potential catastrophe.

Aydin does not want to sow panic and speaks in reassuring tones.

The rainy season is approaching and water levels should pick up in the coming weeks.

But Aydin admits what the city's 16 million official -- and 20 million estimated -- inhabitants have known for some time.

"We've had a dry season," the water and sewage administration chief said.

"Water levels were at 60 percent this time last year," he said. "It dropped down to 14 percent in 2014, so this is the second-lowest in the past 10 years."

Istanbul is surrounded by a web of 11 dams that fill up with water when the heaviest precipitation falls in November and December.

But global warming caused by human-caused greenhouse gas emissions is changing weather patterns and giving Aydin constant stress.

Istanbul has had barely any precipitation at all this summer and water usage has soared because of the heat.

Türkiye as a whole experienced the hottest July on record and broke the 50-degree Celsius (122-degrees Fahrenheit) mark for the first time in modern history on August 14.

Booming growth
The city could ship in extra supplies of water by sea or road should the dams run completely dry -- although no specific plans have been laid yet for that gloomy possibility.

Istanbul's problems are compounded by its phenomenal growth.

The city had almost as many dams when its population was just over five million people 30 years ago and water consumption was not a hot topic in the news.

Officials now make regular media appearances pressing Istanbulites to conserve water any way they can.

Aydin's department sent a mass text message during a particularly hot spell warning that the situation was becoming unsustainable.

"The storage volume of our dams in Istanbul is approximately 868 million cubic meters. But Istanbul's annual consumption is 1.1 billion cubic meters," Aydin told AFP.

"Istanbul's (dams) do not have enough water to last a full year. Istanbul is a city in need of continuous rainfall. Our groundwater is not enough."

The lack of rain is turning some parts of the emptied dams into rolling meadows that flocks of sheep and goats roam on the city's outskirts.

Pensioner Nejat Karakas grew up around water and likes to visit the dams to while away the time.

He leaned glumly against the side of an upturned rowboat lying on the cracked dry bed and contemplated climate change.

"It makes me sad. We're not used to seeing it like this," the 68-year-old said. "If there is no rain between now and October, bad days await Istanbul."

Worried youth
Aydin's attempts to raise awareness and change Istanbulites' habits appear to be making some inroads.

Driver Hasan Sadikoglu said he has fitted a large plastic bottle into his toilet tank to conserve a liter of water with every flush.

"When the children brush their teeth, the tap is opened and closed," the 53-year-old said. "One brush, one open."

Aydin's department has also announced plans to install special devices on faucets of households that consume more than a set amount of water every month.

The idea is to reduce households' water pressure once the usage limit is breached.

"Very effective measures should be taken, especially in water management," Aydin said. "Saving is a priority, recycling is a priority."

Student Mine Altintas said she already tries to conserve water while washing dishes and doing laundry.

But she worries that this will not be enough.

"All of us, the whole country and even the whole world, is worried," the 18-year-old said.

"I don't know what will happen in 10 years. I am still young, and I don't know how much water we will have later on."



Shrouded in Smog, Delhi Pollution Reading Is the Highest This Year

Thick smog engulfs the Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi on November 18, 2024. (AFP)
Thick smog engulfs the Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi on November 18, 2024. (AFP)
TT

Shrouded in Smog, Delhi Pollution Reading Is the Highest This Year

Thick smog engulfs the Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi on November 18, 2024. (AFP)
Thick smog engulfs the Kartavya Path near India Gate in New Delhi on November 18, 2024. (AFP)

A thick blanket of toxic smog engulfed most parts of northern India on Monday and readings of air quality in the capital New Delhi hit their highest this year after dense fog overnight.

The smog, a toxic blend of smoke and fog, happens each year in winter as cold air traps dust, emissions, and smoke from illegal farm fires in some surrounding states.

Visibility dropped to 100 m (109 yards) in Delhi and Chandigarh, a city northwest of the capital, but authorities said flights and trains continued to operate with some delays.

India's pollution control authority said the national capital territory's 24-hour air quality index (AQI) reading was at 484, classified as "severe plus", the highest this year.

According to Swiss group IQAir's live rankings, New Delhi was the most polluted city in the world with the air quality at a "hazardous" 1,081 and the concentration of PM2.5 - particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter that can be carried into lungs, causing deadly diseases and cardiac issues - was 130.9 times the World Health Organisation's recommended levels.

Experts say the scores vary because of a difference in the scale countries adopt to convert pollutant concentrations into AQI, and so the same quantity of a specific pollutant may be translated as different AQI scores in different countries.

Delhi authorities directed all schools to move classes online and tightened restrictions on construction activities and vehicle movements, citing unfavourable meteorological conditions and low wind speed.

Farm fires - where stubble left after harvesting rice is burnt to clear fields - have contributed as much as 40% of the pollution in Delhi, SAFAR, a weather forecasting agency under the ministry of earth sciences has said.

Satellites detected 1,334 such events in six states on Sunday, the most in the last four days, according to India's Consortium for Research on Agroecosystem Monitoring and Modeling from Space.

Despite the polluted air, many residents continued their daily routines. Many buildings were barely visible, including Delhi's iconic India Gate.

"Morning walk usually feels good, but now the air is polluted and we're forced to wear a mask... There is a burning sensation in the eyes and slight difficulty in breathing," Akshay Pathak, a resident of the city told the ANI news agency, in which Reuters has a minority stake.

India's weather department has forecast "dense to very dense fog" for the northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan for Monday.