A new US study found that people with chronic inflammation living in poverty have more than double the risk of dying from heart disease and cancer within the next 15 years. Published in the journal Frontiers in Medicine on Tuesday, the findings are based on data representing 95 million Americans aged 40 and over.
While chronic inflammation and poverty are each known to increase mortality risk, when combined, the two factors appear to have a synergistic effect, producing a greater increase in risks.
During the study, the team analyzed data collected from adults aged 40 and older whose household income fell below the US poverty line and whose lab tests showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein, an indicator of chronic inflammation. Records were linked to the National Death Index to track mortality over a 15-year period.
Those individuals living with both chronic inflammation and poverty had a 127% increased risk for dying from heart disease and a 196% increased risk for dying from cancer.
People living with chronic inflammation or poverty, but not both factors, had about a 50% increase in mortality risk over the same period.
Acute inflammation is part of the body's healthy short-term immune response to fighting infection, toxins or other foreign substances that may enter the body. Chronic inflammation, however, lasts for months or years and has been shown to increase the risk for developing conditions such as cancer, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and kidney disease.
According to the study, chronic inflammation can be caused by a host of lifestyle, physiological and environmental factors, such as poor diet, stress, lack of physical activity, smoking, aging, obesity, autoimmune disorders and exposure to toxins in the environment.
“Our study found that poverty and high levels of inflammation act synergistically, giving people with both factors basically a double whammy. It makes them far more likely to die and in a relatively short period of time, just 15 years,” said Dr. Arch Mainous, lead author from the University of Florida’s school of medicine.
“The findings highlight the need for routine chronic inflammation screenings in vulnerable populations to limit what are, in many cases, preventable deaths. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines for chronic inflammation screening,” he added.
“It is time to move beyond documenting the health problems that inflammation can cause to trying to fix these problems,” Mainous concluded.