Researchers Uncover Remains of Ice Age Mastodons in Peru

Engineer and mastodon researcher Oscar Diaz cleans remains of an Ice Age mastodon, believed to be between 11,000 and 12,000 years old, in Chambara, Peru September 5, 2024. (Museum of Natural History - UNMSM/Handout via Reuters)
Engineer and mastodon researcher Oscar Diaz cleans remains of an Ice Age mastodon, believed to be between 11,000 and 12,000 years old, in Chambara, Peru September 5, 2024. (Museum of Natural History - UNMSM/Handout via Reuters)
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Researchers Uncover Remains of Ice Age Mastodons in Peru

Engineer and mastodon researcher Oscar Diaz cleans remains of an Ice Age mastodon, believed to be between 11,000 and 12,000 years old, in Chambara, Peru September 5, 2024. (Museum of Natural History - UNMSM/Handout via Reuters)
Engineer and mastodon researcher Oscar Diaz cleans remains of an Ice Age mastodon, believed to be between 11,000 and 12,000 years old, in Chambara, Peru September 5, 2024. (Museum of Natural History - UNMSM/Handout via Reuters)

The fossilized remains of three mastodons from the Ice Age have been uncovered in the Peruvian Andes, raising questions as to how the behemoths arrived in the area.

Excavations starting in 2019 uncovered the behemoths, believed to be between 11,000 and 12,000 years old, in the valley of the town of Chambara, about 300 km (186 miles) east of Lima.

One of the specimens is nearly complete, and could be the most preserved mastodon in all of Peru, said paleontologist Ivan Meza.

"If the skull is found - and everything indicates that the tusks are there - that would have scientific importance at a national and global scale," Meza said.

Mastodons were similar to the also-extinct mammoth, but had flatter heads and straighter tusks.

Scientists now hope to find more fossils in the area, which could shed light on how and when the mastodons arrived.

"We're talking about a small area of less than one hectare," Meza said. "To date we've discovered three specimens, with the possibility of there being more, and from other types of animals."

The mastodons likely migrated from North America down to South America in search of food and water as climate conditions changed, experts believe.

"Over time, the Andes mountain range rose and the sea water receded," said researcher Oscar Diaz. "This area dried up and left lagoons across the Mantaro Valley," he added, which would have provided a source of water.

Peru is a rich source of prehistoric remains. In April, a team of paleontologists unveiled the fossilized skull of a river dolphin, the largest found to date, which had swum through the Peruvian Amazon some 16 million years ago.



Japan ‘Zombie’ Train Spooks Passengers Ahead of Halloween

 Actors perform for passengers during the "Zombie Shinkansen" event on a bullet train from Tokyo to Osaka, ahead of Halloween on October 19, 2024. (AFP)
Actors perform for passengers during the "Zombie Shinkansen" event on a bullet train from Tokyo to Osaka, ahead of Halloween on October 19, 2024. (AFP)
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Japan ‘Zombie’ Train Spooks Passengers Ahead of Halloween

 Actors perform for passengers during the "Zombie Shinkansen" event on a bullet train from Tokyo to Osaka, ahead of Halloween on October 19, 2024. (AFP)
Actors perform for passengers during the "Zombie Shinkansen" event on a bullet train from Tokyo to Osaka, ahead of Halloween on October 19, 2024. (AFP)

It’s usually a serene two-and-a-half-hour ride on Japan's famously efficient bullet train. But the journey quickly descended into a zombie apocalypse, with passengers screaming in terror.

Organizers of Saturday's adrenaline-filled trip, less than two weeks before Halloween, touted it as the "world’s first haunted house experience on a running shinkansen".

On board one chartered car of the shinkansen -- the Japanese word for bullet train -- were around 40 thrill-seekers, ready to brave an encounter with the living dead between Tokyo and the western metropolis of Osaka.

The eerie experience was inspired by the hit 2016 South Korean action-horror movie "Train to Busan", in which a father and daughter trapped on a moving train battle zombies hungry for human flesh.

All seemed normal at first as the bullet train made a peaceful departure Saturday evening, but it wasn't long until the first gory attack.

The victims -- actors planted in seats by the organizers -- jerked in agony and then underwent a terrifying transformation before starting a rampage against their fellow passengers.

Event organizer Kenta Iwana of the group Kowagarasetai, which translates to the "scare squad", said they wanted to "depict the normally safe, peaceful shinkansen -- something we take for granted -- collapsing in the blink of an eye".

- 'Like I was in the film' -

Sitting next to one of the actors was Joshua Payne, one of many foreign tourists on board.

"I literally felt like I was in the film, just sitting here watching it take place in front of me," the 31-year-old American told AFP.

"The fact that we can physically go from Tokyo to Osaka right now and have this whole performance at the same time... I think is really cool and maybe a little bit groundbreaking," he said.

It was far from Central Japan Railway Company's first experiment with the usually dazzlingly clean, accident-free shinkansen, a Japanese institution that turned 60 this year.

After demand for long-distance travel plunged during the Covid-19 pandemic, the railway operator started renting out bullet train compartments for special events to diversify its business.

A sushi restaurant and even a wrestling match have been hosted on the high-speed train, and carriages can also be reserved for private parties.

Marie Izumi of JR Central's tourism subsidiary told AFP that she was surprised by the idea for a zombie-themed commute when Kowagarasetai approached her, thinking it would be "almost impossible to pull off".

But the event has convinced her of "new possibilities" for the bullet train, Izumi said, adding that concerts and comedy shows might be a good fit in the future.

- Thriller -

On Saturday, toy chainsaws and guns were used as props, but depictions of extreme violence and gore that could tarnish the shinkansen's squeaky-clean reputation were avoided.

To counterbalance the subdued horror, the two-and-a-half-hour tour was peppered with light-hearted performances by zombie cheerleaders, magicians and comedians, including a choreographed dance to Michael Jackson's "Thriller".

"Nobody wants to sit tight for such a long time being constantly exposed to horror," said Ayaka Imaide from Kowagarasetai.

Many aboard the zombie-infested train said the experience alone was worth the ticket price of up to 50,000 yen ($335).

"It was very immersive," Naohiko Nozawa, 30, told AFP. "And the appearance of so many different kinds of zombies kept me entertained all the way."