King Charles Heckled by Indigenous Australian Senator on Visit to Canberra

 Britain's King Charles III reacts as he is introduced to an alpaca named Hephner during a walkabout outside the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on October 21, 2024. (AFP)
Britain's King Charles III reacts as he is introduced to an alpaca named Hephner during a walkabout outside the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on October 21, 2024. (AFP)
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King Charles Heckled by Indigenous Australian Senator on Visit to Canberra

 Britain's King Charles III reacts as he is introduced to an alpaca named Hephner during a walkabout outside the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on October 21, 2024. (AFP)
Britain's King Charles III reacts as he is introduced to an alpaca named Hephner during a walkabout outside the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on October 21, 2024. (AFP)

King Charles was accused of "genocide" by an Indigenous senator at Australia's Parliament House on Monday, moments after he delivered a speech in which he paid his "respects to the traditional owners of the lands".

Charles, on his 16th official visit to Australia and his first major foreign trip since being diagnosed with cancer, had finished speaking when independent senator and Indigenous activist Lidia Thorpe shouted that she did not accept Charles' sovereignty over Australia.

"You committed genocide against our people," she said. "Give us our land back. Give us what you stole from us - our bones, our skulls, our babies, our people. You destroyed our land. Give us a treaty. We want treaty."

Thorpe, who has disrupted previous events protesting over the colonization of Australia, was stopped from approaching the king, who spoke quietly to Prime Minister Anthony Albanese on the podium but was otherwise unfazed. Thorpe was then escorted out of the chamber.

The protest was an outlier among a stream of tributes to Charles and Queen Camilla from dignitaries and well-wishers in the crowds.

Albanese praised Charles for his long advocacy about the threat of climate change and spoke about the respect Australians had for their monarch.

His speech made only a passing reference to the Republican cause, which Albanese and much of his center-left Labor party support.

"The Australia you first knew has grown and evolved in so many ways," he said. "Yet through these decades of change, our bonds of respect and affection have matured - and endured."

Albanese shelved plans for a referendum on turning Australia into a republic after a government-backed referendum to create an Indigenous advisory body was defeated earlier this year.

The visit to parliament followed a trip to the Australian War Memorial in Canberra where the royal couple met more than a thousand well-wishers including Hephner, a nine-year old alpaca in a suit with a crown perched atop his fluffy white head.

Hephner, named after Playboy founder Hugh Hefner, waited for hours alongside owner Robert Fletcher and long lines of others outside the memorial for the chance to greet the royal couple on their one-day tour of the capital.

"He has many outfits and this is one we've saved specifically for today," said Fletcher. "One king meets another king."

Hephner's patience paid off. On a 30-minute walk to greet the crowds, Charles stopped to pat the alpaca, pulling back with a laugh when Hephner snorted in his face.

The royal couple continue their visit to Australia in Sydney on Tuesday, before heading to Samoa for a meeting of countries in the British Commonwealth.



Fungi Finding: Mushroom Hunters Seek New Species and Recognition

Mushroom enthusiast Jake Burt examines a mushroom growing in moss on a dead tree during a mushroom biodiversity survey near Port Angeles, Washington, on October 17, 2024. (AFP)
Mushroom enthusiast Jake Burt examines a mushroom growing in moss on a dead tree during a mushroom biodiversity survey near Port Angeles, Washington, on October 17, 2024. (AFP)
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Fungi Finding: Mushroom Hunters Seek New Species and Recognition

Mushroom enthusiast Jake Burt examines a mushroom growing in moss on a dead tree during a mushroom biodiversity survey near Port Angeles, Washington, on October 17, 2024. (AFP)
Mushroom enthusiast Jake Burt examines a mushroom growing in moss on a dead tree during a mushroom biodiversity survey near Port Angeles, Washington, on October 17, 2024. (AFP)

You can't walk very far through a forest in this part of the United States without stumbling upon a mushroom, an eruption from a vast fungal kingdom that all life depends on, but about which we know very little.

Some are tall and thin with a helmet top, others are great flourishes of brain-like folds; some seem like they should be sheltering fairies in a storybook.

Many look like they could be delicious in the hands of a skilled chef; others... decidedly not.

But the dozens of species that enthusiasts and experts collected on a recent morning represent just a tiny fraction of life that is neither flora nor fauna.

"Mushrooms are not plants," said Amy Honan, who teaches mycology and fungal ecology at Oregon University.

"Fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants."

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, but mushrooms have to eat something else.

"They spit out different enzymes, so they break down their food outside of their body, and they slurp it up like a smoothie," Honan said.

- 'Essential' -

Of the at least 2.5 million species of fungus thought to exist on Earth, scientists have described around 150,000 -- six percent -- Honan told AFP during a field trip near Port Angeles in Washington state.

Compared with what we know about plants and animals, that's practically nothing.

"We know about 98 percent of the vertebrates that are on the planet," she said. "We know about 85 percent of plants that exist on the planet. We know about 20 percent of invertebrates."

This paucity of fungal knowledge is troubling because of the vital -- and largely unseen -- role that they play.

Fungi evolved before plants and created the conditions to allow vegetation to move from the sea to the land.

"Fungi are essential for all terrestrial ecosystems. They confer all kinds of benefits to plants, from salt tolerance, heavy metal tolerance, disease resistance," Honan said.

"Basically, without fungi... plants would not exist. We need plants for oxygen, so the world would not exist in its current state."

It would also be chock-full of dead things.

"Fungi break down all dead organic material, so they recycle all that carbon and other nutrients," facilitating the life cycle of plants and animals.

- COP16 focus -

There is a burgeoning awareness of the importance of fungi, whose role is set to come up for discussion at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity COP16 meeting in Colombia, which kicks off on Monday.

The Guardian newspaper reported last week that a joint proposal by Chile and the United Kingdom could see fungi recognized as "an independent kingdom of life in legislation, policies and agreements, in order to advance their conservation and to adopt concrete measures that allow for maintaining their benefits to ecosystems and people."

Greater protections would be good news, said mycologist Graham Steinruck, who, along with Honan, is leading a study into fungal biodiversity at a site that was underwater until the removal of a dam a few years ago.

As part of the Olympic Peninsula Fungi Festival, he and Honan have taken participants out into the field to show them how to find species of mushroom, and how to record what they are seeing.

"I think the more fungi that we go out and discover and document not only tells us about our biodiversity, but also can tell us about ways we can steward the land better," Steinruck said.

Knowing more about these mysterious organisms could also bring benefits to lots of areas of human life.

Mushrooms can help us "heal ourselves, and maybe even potentially (help) other things like industries," he said.

For participants on the mushroom hunt, the opportunity to find new fungal life was eye-opening.

Naomi Ruelle had traveled from New York with her mushroom-enthusiast partner, and was taking part in her first organized hunt.

"I've learned so much," she beamed, showing off a collection that included a huge, fleshy shelf-like specimen, yellow parasol-style mushrooms and spindly stalked fungi that had found root in a dead pine cone.

"It was so interesting to see the different species. They're obviously going to take them to the lab and I'm kind of curious to understand a bit more about them."