Jack Lang: Byblos Exhibition to Spotlight Role of Phoenician Port

Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
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Jack Lang: Byblos Exhibition to Spotlight Role of Phoenician Port

Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media

Despite France’s economic crisis, which has hit cultural institutions hardest, Jack Lang, President of the Arab World Institute in Paris and former French Minister of Culture, insists that “the Institute stands firm, and is more necessary than ever, because culture, knowledge, education, friendship and generosity are all weapons against violence, racism, and extremism.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Lang described the Institute as “a golden opportunity to showcase the Arab world’s diversity and richness, while opening the door to dialogue.”

Lang has long believed that the Arab World Institute gives France “a chance to play its role in the Arab sphere, which has always recognized and respected it.”

The former minister recently visited Lebanon to open the exhibition “Divas: From Oum Kalthoum to Dalida” at the Sursock Museum in Beirut and to coordinate preparations for a major upcoming exhibition on Byblos and its historical role, set to open at the Institute next spring.

The show was postponed earlier because of the Israeli war on Lebanon, which prevented the transfer of artifacts from the ancient city of Byblos.

“Byblos, Eternal City”

Lang said the large-scale exhibition, titled “Byblos, Eternal City,” is being prepared in collaboration with the Louvre Museum in Paris and “will shed light on still-mysterious aspects of the Phoenician port of Byblos, which played a pivotal role in the Mediterranean and maintained a unique relationship with the Pharaohs.”

The project involves the same curators who designed the Institute’s acclaimed exhibitions “Christians of the East: 2,000 Years of History” and “On the Roads of Samarkand: Wonders of Silk and Gold”.

“We will see magnificent and impressive pieces brought from Lebanon thanks to cooperation with the Directorate General of Antiquities,” Lang said, adding that further projects are being planned focusing on Sidon, Tyre, and Tripoli.

During his stay in Lebanon, Lang toured Byblos’ archaeological sites and met with local cultural figures as part of preparations for the exhibition, which will feature around 400 items, including treasures discovered in the royal necropolis and city temples dating back to the early second millennium BC, as well as newly unearthed artifacts to be displayed for the first time.

Architect of France’s Cultural Landmarks

Lang is known as the architect behind many of Paris’s major cultural landmarks built during President François Mitterrand’s era, including the Louvre’s glass pyramid, the National Library, and the Musée d’Orsay, during his nearly decade-long tenure as France’s Minister of Culture beginning in 1981.

Defender of the Arabic Language

A long-time advocate of teaching Arabic in French schools since his time as Minister of Education, Lang introduced Arabic language programs at the Arab World Institute after becoming its president.

For Lang, Arabic is “a key to understanding different civilizations” and “the fifth most spoken language in the world, a language of knowledge, poetry, and science that once brought learning to Europe.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, he said: “Yes, I have always defended the teaching of Arabic in French schools but I also defend the teaching of languages in general. Today, everything is commodified; everything is sold and bought. Many languages, including Arabic, French, German, and Italian, suffer the same fate. I stand for saving vulnerable national languages. Language is the most powerful, beautiful, and inspiring expression of humanity. If we lose it, we lose part of our humanity.”

Lang criticized what he called “the simplified, utilitarian form of English” now widespread: “It’s not the language of Shakespeare or any true writer; it’s a commercial language. Unfortunately, Arabic is not the only language harmed - in Germany, for instance, young people sometimes speak English better than German.” He described languages as “a priceless human heritage worth defending.”

“I Was Always Moved by Fairuz”

Lang rejected suggestions that the exhibitions organized by the Arab World Institute reflect his personal taste, such as Divas, which moved from Paris to Beirut and traces the lives of iconic Arab performers from Umm Kalthoum to Sabah, Fairuz, and Warda. “Exhibitions are collective efforts,” he said. “That’s true of Divas and others.”

Still, he admitted to having a special connection with many Arab divas: “I was always moved by Fairuz and was delighted to honor her in Paris. I was fortunate to attend an Umm Kalthoum concert in Cairo, thanks to director Youssef Chahine. I also knew Warda personally and was close to Dalida. But the exhibition is not about my personal relationships with these stars - it’s about highlighting exceptional women whose talent, magic, and creativity helped shape the Arab world’s cultural renaissance.”

Early Ties with Lebanon
Lang fondly recalls his early visits to Lebanon in 1958 and 1959, when he was a law student with a passion for theater.

He founded a small festival in his hometown of Nancy that later grew into an international event. During those years, he traveled to Lebanon and met Lebanese artists at the Rachana Festival organized by sculptor Michel Basbous.

The visit allowed him to meet the Rahbani Brothers and Fairuz, whose voice, he said, “enchanted” him. Years later, as Culture Minister, Lang decorated her with one of France’s highest honors.



17th Century Wreck Reappears from Stockholm Deep

The remains of a 17th century shipwreck is pictured after resurfacing in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 17, 2026. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP)
The remains of a 17th century shipwreck is pictured after resurfacing in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 17, 2026. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP)
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17th Century Wreck Reappears from Stockholm Deep

The remains of a 17th century shipwreck is pictured after resurfacing in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 17, 2026. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP)
The remains of a 17th century shipwreck is pictured after resurfacing in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 17, 2026. (Photo by Jonathan NACKSTRAND / AFP)

A 17th century Swedish Navy shipwreck buried underwater in central Stockholm for 400 years has suddenly become visible due to unusually low Baltic Sea levels.

The wooden planks of the ship's well-preserved hull have since early February been peeking out above the surface of the water off the island of Kastellholmen, providing a clear picture of its skeleton.

"We have a shipwreck here, which was sunk on purpose by the Swedish Navy," Jim Hansson, a marine archeologist at Stockholm's Vrak - Museum of Wrecks, told AFP.

Hansson said experts believe that after serving in the navy, the ship was sunk around 1640 to use as a foundation for a new bridge to the island of Kastellholmen.

Archeologists have yet to identify the exact ship, as it is one of five similar wrecks lined up in the same area to form the bridge, all dating from the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

"This is a solution, instead of using new wood you can use the hull itself, which is oak" to build the bridge, Hansson said.

"We don't have shipworm here in the Baltic that eats the wood, so it lasts, as you see, for 400 years," he said, standing in front of the wreck.

Parts of the ship had already broken the surface in 2013, but never before has it been as visible as it is now, as the waters of the Baltic Sea reach their lowest level in about 100 years, according to the archaeologist.

"There has been a really long period of high pressure here around our area in the Nordics. So the water from the Baltic has been pushed out to the North Sea and the Atlantic," Hansson explained.

A research program dubbed "the Lost Navy" is underway to identify and precisely date the large number of Swedish naval shipwrecks lying on the bottom of the Baltic.


China Has Slashed Air Pollution, but the ‘War’ Isn’t Over 

This picture taken on February 11, 2026 shows pedestrians walking along an overpass as traffic snarls in Beijing. (AFP)
This picture taken on February 11, 2026 shows pedestrians walking along an overpass as traffic snarls in Beijing. (AFP)
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China Has Slashed Air Pollution, but the ‘War’ Isn’t Over 

This picture taken on February 11, 2026 shows pedestrians walking along an overpass as traffic snarls in Beijing. (AFP)
This picture taken on February 11, 2026 shows pedestrians walking along an overpass as traffic snarls in Beijing. (AFP)

Fifteen years ago, Beijing's Liangma riverbanks would have been smog-choked and deserted in winter, but these days they are dotted with families and exercising pensioners most mornings.

The turnaround is the result of a years-long campaign that threw China's state power behind policies like moving factories and electrifying vehicles, to improve some of the world's worst air quality.

Pollution levels in many Chinese cities still top the World Health Organization's (WHO) limits, but they have fallen dramatically since the "airpocalypse" days of the past.

"It used to be really bad," said Zhao, 83, soaking up the sun by the river with friends.

"Back then when there was smog, I wouldn't come out," she told AFP, declining to give her full name.

These days though, the air is "very fresh".

Since 2013, levels of PM2.5 -- small particulate that can enter the lungs and bloodstream -- have fallen 69.8 percent, Beijing municipality said in January.

Particulate pollution fell 41 percent nationwide in the decade from 2014, and average life expectancy has increased 1.8 years, according to the University of Chicago's Air Quality Life Index (AQLI).

China's rapid development and heavy coal use saw air quality decline dramatically by the 2000s, especially when cold winter weather trapped pollutants close to the ground.

There were early attempts to tackle the issue, including installing desulphurization technology at coal power plants, while factory shutdowns and traffic control improved the air quality for events like the 2008 Olympics.

But the impact was short-lived, and the problem worsened.

- Action plan -

Public awareness grew, heightened by factors like the US embassy in Beijing making monitoring data public.

By 2013, several international schools had installed giant inflatable domes around sport facilities to protect students.

That year, multiple episodes of prolonged haze shrouded Chinese cities, with one in October bringing northeastern Harbin to a standstill for days as PM2.5 levels hit 40 times the WHO's then-recommended standard.

The phrase "I'm holding your hand, but I can't see your face" took off online.

Later that year, an eight-year-old became the country's youngest lung cancer patient, with doctors directly blaming pollution.

As concerns mounted, China's ruling Communist Party released a ten-point action plan, declaring "a war against pollution".

It led to expanded monitoring, improved factory technology and the closure or relocation of coal plants and mines.

In big cities, vehicles were restricted and the groundwork was laid for widespread electrification.

For the first time, "quantitative air quality improvement goals for key regions within a clear time limit" were set, a 2016 study noted.

These targets were "the most important measure", said Bluetech Clean Air Alliance director Tonny Xie, whose non-profit worked with the government on the plan.

"At that time, there were a lot of debates about whether we can achieve it, because (they were) very ambitious," he told AFP.

The policy targeted several key regions, where PM2.5 levels fell rapidly between 2013 and 2017, and the approach was expanded nationwide afterwards.

"Everybody, I think, would agree that this is a miracle that was achieved in China," Xie said.

China's success is "entirely" responsible for a decline in global pollution since 2014, AQLI said last summer.

- 'Low-hanging fruits' gone -

Still, in much of China the air remains dangerous to breathe by WHO standards.

This winter, Chinese cities, including financial hub Shanghai, were regularly among the world's twenty most polluted on monitoring site IQAir.

Linda Li, a running coach who has lived in both Beijing and Shanghai, said air quality has improved, but she still loses up to seven running days to pollution in a good month.

A top environment official last year said China aimed to "basically eliminate severe air pollution by 2025", but the government did not respond when AFP asked if that goal had been met.

Official 2025 data found nationwide average PM2.5 concentrations decreased 4.4 percent on-year.

Eighty-eight percent of days featured "good" air quality.

However, China's current definition of "good" is PM2.5 levels of under 35 micrograms per cubic meter, significantly higher than the WHO's recommended five micrograms.

China wants to tighten the standard to 25 by 2035.

The last five years have also seen pollution reduction slow.

The "low-hanging fruits" are gone, said Chengcheng Qiu from the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA).

Qiu's research suggests pollution is shifting west as heavy industry relocates to regions like Xinjiang, and that some cities in China have seen double-digit percentage increases in PM2.5 in the last five years.

"They can't just stop all industrial production. They need to find cleaner ways to produce the output," Qiu said.

There is hope for that, given China's status as a renewable energy powerhouse, with coal generation falling in 2025.

"Cleaner air ultimately rests on one clear direction," said Qiu.

"Move beyond fossil fuels and let clean energy power the next stage of development."


Sydney Man Jailed for Mailing Reptiles in Popcorn Bags 

Investigators recovered 101 Australian reptiles from parcels destined for Hong Kong, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Romania. (AFP file)
Investigators recovered 101 Australian reptiles from parcels destined for Hong Kong, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Romania. (AFP file)
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Sydney Man Jailed for Mailing Reptiles in Popcorn Bags 

Investigators recovered 101 Australian reptiles from parcels destined for Hong Kong, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Romania. (AFP file)
Investigators recovered 101 Australian reptiles from parcels destined for Hong Kong, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Romania. (AFP file)

A Sydney man who tried to post native lizards, dragons and other reptiles out of Australia in bags of popcorn and biscuit tins has been sentenced to eight years in jail, authorities said Tuesday.

The eight-year term handed down on Friday was a record for wildlife smuggling, federal environment officials said.

A district court in Sydney gave the man, 61-year-old Neil Simpson, a non-parole period of five years and four months.

Investigators recovered 101 Australian reptiles from seized parcels destined for Hong Kong, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Romania, the officials said in a statement.

The animals -- including shingleback lizards, western blue-tongue lizards, bearded dragons and southern pygmy spiny-tailed skinks -- were posted in 15 packages between 2018 and 2023.

"Lizards, skinks and dragons were secured in calico bags. These bags were concealed in bags of popcorn, biscuit tins and a women's handbag and placed inside cardboard boxes," the statement said.

The smuggler had attempted to get others to post the animals on his behalf but was identified by government investigators and the New South Wales police, it added.

Three other people were convicted for taking part in the crime.

The New South Wales government's environment department said that "the illegal wildlife trade is not a victimless crime", harming conservation and stripping the state "and Australia of its unique biodiversity".