Jack Lang: Byblos Exhibition to Spotlight Role of Phoenician Port

Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
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Jack Lang: Byblos Exhibition to Spotlight Role of Phoenician Port

Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media
Jack Lang and his wife visit Byblos. Photo: Social media

Despite France’s economic crisis, which has hit cultural institutions hardest, Jack Lang, President of the Arab World Institute in Paris and former French Minister of Culture, insists that “the Institute stands firm, and is more necessary than ever, because culture, knowledge, education, friendship and generosity are all weapons against violence, racism, and extremism.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Lang described the Institute as “a golden opportunity to showcase the Arab world’s diversity and richness, while opening the door to dialogue.”

Lang has long believed that the Arab World Institute gives France “a chance to play its role in the Arab sphere, which has always recognized and respected it.”

The former minister recently visited Lebanon to open the exhibition “Divas: From Oum Kalthoum to Dalida” at the Sursock Museum in Beirut and to coordinate preparations for a major upcoming exhibition on Byblos and its historical role, set to open at the Institute next spring.

The show was postponed earlier because of the Israeli war on Lebanon, which prevented the transfer of artifacts from the ancient city of Byblos.

“Byblos, Eternal City”

Lang said the large-scale exhibition, titled “Byblos, Eternal City,” is being prepared in collaboration with the Louvre Museum in Paris and “will shed light on still-mysterious aspects of the Phoenician port of Byblos, which played a pivotal role in the Mediterranean and maintained a unique relationship with the Pharaohs.”

The project involves the same curators who designed the Institute’s acclaimed exhibitions “Christians of the East: 2,000 Years of History” and “On the Roads of Samarkand: Wonders of Silk and Gold”.

“We will see magnificent and impressive pieces brought from Lebanon thanks to cooperation with the Directorate General of Antiquities,” Lang said, adding that further projects are being planned focusing on Sidon, Tyre, and Tripoli.

During his stay in Lebanon, Lang toured Byblos’ archaeological sites and met with local cultural figures as part of preparations for the exhibition, which will feature around 400 items, including treasures discovered in the royal necropolis and city temples dating back to the early second millennium BC, as well as newly unearthed artifacts to be displayed for the first time.

Architect of France’s Cultural Landmarks

Lang is known as the architect behind many of Paris’s major cultural landmarks built during President François Mitterrand’s era, including the Louvre’s glass pyramid, the National Library, and the Musée d’Orsay, during his nearly decade-long tenure as France’s Minister of Culture beginning in 1981.

Defender of the Arabic Language

A long-time advocate of teaching Arabic in French schools since his time as Minister of Education, Lang introduced Arabic language programs at the Arab World Institute after becoming its president.

For Lang, Arabic is “a key to understanding different civilizations” and “the fifth most spoken language in the world, a language of knowledge, poetry, and science that once brought learning to Europe.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, he said: “Yes, I have always defended the teaching of Arabic in French schools but I also defend the teaching of languages in general. Today, everything is commodified; everything is sold and bought. Many languages, including Arabic, French, German, and Italian, suffer the same fate. I stand for saving vulnerable national languages. Language is the most powerful, beautiful, and inspiring expression of humanity. If we lose it, we lose part of our humanity.”

Lang criticized what he called “the simplified, utilitarian form of English” now widespread: “It’s not the language of Shakespeare or any true writer; it’s a commercial language. Unfortunately, Arabic is not the only language harmed - in Germany, for instance, young people sometimes speak English better than German.” He described languages as “a priceless human heritage worth defending.”

“I Was Always Moved by Fairuz”

Lang rejected suggestions that the exhibitions organized by the Arab World Institute reflect his personal taste, such as Divas, which moved from Paris to Beirut and traces the lives of iconic Arab performers from Umm Kalthoum to Sabah, Fairuz, and Warda. “Exhibitions are collective efforts,” he said. “That’s true of Divas and others.”

Still, he admitted to having a special connection with many Arab divas: “I was always moved by Fairuz and was delighted to honor her in Paris. I was fortunate to attend an Umm Kalthoum concert in Cairo, thanks to director Youssef Chahine. I also knew Warda personally and was close to Dalida. But the exhibition is not about my personal relationships with these stars - it’s about highlighting exceptional women whose talent, magic, and creativity helped shape the Arab world’s cultural renaissance.”

Early Ties with Lebanon
Lang fondly recalls his early visits to Lebanon in 1958 and 1959, when he was a law student with a passion for theater.

He founded a small festival in his hometown of Nancy that later grew into an international event. During those years, he traveled to Lebanon and met Lebanese artists at the Rachana Festival organized by sculptor Michel Basbous.

The visit allowed him to meet the Rahbani Brothers and Fairuz, whose voice, he said, “enchanted” him. Years later, as Culture Minister, Lang decorated her with one of France’s highest honors.



Bacteria Suspected in Deaths of Hundreds of Baby Whales off Argentina

Scientists suspect a bacterial infection to be behind the mystery deaths of hundreds of southern right whale calves washed up on beaches in Argentina's Patagonia region. MAXI JONAS / AFP
Scientists suspect a bacterial infection to be behind the mystery deaths of hundreds of southern right whale calves washed up on beaches in Argentina's Patagonia region. MAXI JONAS / AFP
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Bacteria Suspected in Deaths of Hundreds of Baby Whales off Argentina

Scientists suspect a bacterial infection to be behind the mystery deaths of hundreds of southern right whale calves washed up on beaches in Argentina's Patagonia region. MAXI JONAS / AFP
Scientists suspect a bacterial infection to be behind the mystery deaths of hundreds of southern right whale calves washed up on beaches in Argentina's Patagonia region. MAXI JONAS / AFP

A bacterial infection is suspected of killing hundreds of baby whales in the southern Argentine region of Patagonia, a marine mammal expert told AFP on Thursday.

This week again, dozens of dead southern right whale calves washed up on beaches in southern Chubut province, continuing a disturbing trend that began in June.

"The death rate (among young whales) is quite high this season in particular," Mariano Coscarella, a researcher at the Marine Mammals Laboratory of the national research council Conicet, confirmed to AFP.

Coscarella, who is based in Puerto Madryn, a major whale-watching destination on the Atlantic coast, said veterinarians suspected an outbreak of erysipelas, a serious disease caused by bacteria commonly found on the mammals' skin.

"It seems to be a natural cause however we cannot completely rule out the influence of human activity," he said.

The Chubut provincial government said Wednesday it was working closely with the scientific community to solve the mystery of the dying whales.

It said that preliminary research suggested it was caused by a "common marine bacteria."

Puerto Madryn and the nearby Valdes Peninsula are a major breeding ground for southern right whales, which grow up to 17 meters (55 feet) in length and weigh on average 40 tons, roughly the equivalent of four elephants.

A record 2,110 whales were counted in the area in 2025, including 800 young.

This year, authorities have counted 1,375 specimens, including nearly 400 calves, Coscarella said.

He added that the recent deaths "do not constitute a medium-term danger" for the area's whale population given the average life span of the southern right whale, which local authorities put at 60 years.


Cash for Nature Protection: Hotelier's Offer to Principe Islanders

Locals on the island of Principe are paid a financial dividend to preserve its natural beauty. Daniel BELOUMOU OLOMO / AFP
Locals on the island of Principe are paid a financial dividend to preserve its natural beauty. Daniel BELOUMOU OLOMO / AFP
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Cash for Nature Protection: Hotelier's Offer to Principe Islanders

Locals on the island of Principe are paid a financial dividend to preserve its natural beauty. Daniel BELOUMOU OLOMO / AFP
Locals on the island of Principe are paid a financial dividend to preserve its natural beauty. Daniel BELOUMOU OLOMO / AFP

On the paradise island of Principe, a lush jungle haven in the turquoise waters of the Gulf of Guinea, a South African multimillionaire is offering locals a financial dividend to preserve the natural beauty on which his luxury tourism business depends.
The initiative is the brainchild of tech entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth, who for over a decade has been promoting a model of exclusive ecotourism aimed at an ultra-wealthy foreign clientele.
The dividend scheme, which Shuttleworth's charitable organization pays out individually to locals, aims to encourage them to preserve their natural environment -- a mountainous volcanic island, bordered by pristine beaches and whose tropical forest is home to a wealth of endemic species, AFP said.
In return for agreeing in writing not to engage in environmentally damaging activities like sand extraction or unregulated logging, adults can receive up to 6,250 dobras ($290) per quarter -- the equivalent of around $3.20 a day.
It represents a bonus in a tiny country where 45 percent of the population lives on less than $3.60 a day, according to the latest World Bank data from 2017.
But some critics say the initiative is a missed opportunity to work with the government to address the island's economic and social needs.
"I've just received the first quarterly payment. At 900 dobras it's definitely not a salary but it'll help," grinned 23-year-old technician Ermelindo Mendes, talking to AFP from his village of Monte Alegre in the lush hills.
The whole of Principe, part of the archipelago of Sao Tome and Principe, is an internationally recognized UNESCO biosphere reserve.
Staying in one of Shuttleworth's four hotels on the archipelago can cost up to $1,700 a night.
The hotelier promises his guests -- most of whom are European -- a luxury experience discovering a "hidden west African paradise".
- Nature's guardians -
His business model depends on preserving Principe's pristine natural environment.
So in February, to enlist the support of the island's 10,000 inhabitants, Shuttleworth began offering them a small nature dividend via his charitable organization, the Faya Foundation.
The locals are "nature's principal guardians. We need them on our side", said Vik Michau, a sociologist with the Foundation.
None have yet earned the maximum dividend of $290 per quarter.
"Data monitoring shows the natural environment isn't in an optimal state yet," Michau said.
To earn more, locals need to reforest the island and make what she described as "better choices regarding the natural environment".
Every year, 15,000 tourists visit the 140-square-kilometer (54-square-mile) island.
Many book the luxury package offered by Shuttleworth's HBD (Here Be Dragons) group.
"Most visitors are looking for nature, tranquility and peace -- everything the region has to offer," said Wander Dias de Sousa Pires, the head of the Principe tourist board.
- 'We see the suffering' -
But for the inhabitants of one of the world's poorest countries, the picture-postcard scenery masks a precarious daily struggle, beset by logistical difficulties and affected by distant geopolitical events over which they have no control.
"People who come here look at the scenery and say to themselves: 'This is paradise.' But those who live here see the suffering," said Conceicao Moreno, a 46-year-old member of parliament.
"We face utterly degrading social and economic conditions. The cost of living is very high, we have no access to quality healthcare or education and the roads and most of the infrastructure are in a state of disrepair," he said.
Moreno declined to take part in the dividend program, wary of the "relationship of domination" the grant might entail and unconvinced of its benefits to the recipients.
"The amounts paid out are too insignificant to have any impact on a family's survival," he said.
"They should have partnered with the government to offer social progress and infrastructure that would guarantee the island's development".
Michau said this view was to misunderstand the purpose of the foundation's "pioneering experiment".
The dividend is "not a salary" and charitable work cannot take the place of the state, she said.
"We are a private organization, not the government. We have drawn a very clear line between what falls within the government's remit, what we do here and where we can help."


Bats Originated and Took First Flight in Europe 65 Million Years Ago

FILE PHOTO: An Indian flying fox or fruit bat flies over trees at Kodiyathur village in Kozhikode district in the southern state of Kerala, India, February 2, 2022.REUTERS/Sivaram V/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: An Indian flying fox or fruit bat flies over trees at Kodiyathur village in Kozhikode district in the southern state of Kerala, India, February 2, 2022.REUTERS/Sivaram V/File Photo
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Bats Originated and Took First Flight in Europe 65 Million Years Ago

FILE PHOTO: An Indian flying fox or fruit bat flies over trees at Kodiyathur village in Kozhikode district in the southern state of Kerala, India, February 2, 2022.REUTERS/Sivaram V/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: An Indian flying fox or fruit bat flies over trees at Kodiyathur village in Kozhikode district in the southern state of Kerala, India, February 2, 2022.REUTERS/Sivaram V/File Photo

Scientists have long struggled to establish where bats first originated, with previous hypotheses proposing Africa, Asia and North America.

A new research has rewritten the evolutionary history of bats, providing evidence the winged mammals most likely originated in Europe during the late Palaeocene, some 65-60 million years ago.

By combining genomic data from all living bat families with ancient fossil records, an international team of 137 researchers from 64 countries working as part of the Bat1K consortium, a global initiative dedicated to sequencing the genomes of all living bat species have reconstructed the evolutionary history of the world's only mammals capable of true powered flight.

The landmark study published in Nature magazine analyzed 103 bat genomes, including 42 newly generated chromosome-level assemblies, representing all 21 recognized bat families.

This was combined with evidence from 44 fossil bats. The results provide a clearer picture of where and how this remarkable lineage emerged.

The researchers found that bats most likely first evolved in Europe during the late Palaeocene. And from there, their descendants spread into Africa.

As bats diversified, different groups then expanded independently into the Americas, Asia and Australia, eventually giving rise to the major bat groups found around the world today.

“The approach we used to model the evolution of fossil and living species together can do what other methods cannot - identify the oldest group of fossil bats while taking the genomic data into account, and uncover when and where bats originated,” said senior author Professor Liliana M Davalos from Stony Brook University.

Computationally reconstructing the genome of the ancient ancestor from which all living bats descended, researchers are able to offer a glimpse into the genetic make-up of one of the earliest flying mammals.

This new genomic resource will allow scientists to investigate the genetic changes behind bats' extraordinary diversity and adaptations, including flight, echolocation, longevity and resistance to disease, as well as their remarkable resistance to disease and exceptionally long lives, for their size.

Bats are among the most extraordinary mammals on Earth. They are the only mammals capable of true powered flight. Most bats orient and hunt in complete darkness using sound alone, and they account for one fifth of all living mammals, playing a vital role in maintaining healthy ecosystems across the globe.

Many bat species show remarkable resistance to disease and live exceptionally long lives for their size.

Yet despite their unique biology and ecological importance, scientists have struggled for decades to answer some of the most fundamental questions about their evolution.

“It is extraordinary, after decades of research and conflicting findings, we finally have a robust phylogenetic tree that we can now use to properly understand how and where bats’ unique traits evolved,” said leading senior author and co-founding Director of Bat1K Professor Emma Teeling, from the UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science.

“We also have the genomes to uncover the molecular basis of these spectacular mammalian adaptations and know where the fossil bats fall in this tree.”

This new study represents the largest combined bat genome and fossil study ever undertaken, drawing on samples collected over decades from bats around the world, including some of the rarest and unusual species found only in the most remote locations.