US Congress Calls for Additional Steps to Address Iran's Nuclear Program

Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy at a joint meeting of Congress in the Capitol last Thursday. (EPA)
Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy at a joint meeting of Congress in the Capitol last Thursday. (EPA)
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US Congress Calls for Additional Steps to Address Iran's Nuclear Program

Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy at a joint meeting of Congress in the Capitol last Thursday. (EPA)
Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy at a joint meeting of Congress in the Capitol last Thursday. (EPA)

The US Congress is stepping up its efforts to clamp down on Iran to deter it from acquiring nuclear weapons.

A group of 249 bipartisan lawmakers sent a letter to President Joe Biden, demanding he take additional steps to address Iran's nuclear program and prepare to reimpose UN sanctions on Tehran.

The letter, put forward by Republican Dan Crenshaw and Democrat Abigail Spanberger, said the US "must increase its efforts to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons, and to communicate to Iran, without any ambiguity, that any further progress in its nuclear program will result in severe consequences."

It also cites Iran's "strengthened alliance" with Russia and China, which bolsters the "Iranian regime's confidence and may make them more likely to challenge US allies and interests."

The letter bore the signatures of 110 Democratic representatives, including representatives who supported the efforts of former President Barack Obama's administration to conclude the nuclear agreement with Tehran.

It is not the first time lawmakers have addressed such a letter to the White House.

Last week, senators sent a similar letter urging the Biden administration to work with European allies to prepare to reinstate sanctions on Iran if it raises its rate of uranium enrichment to 90 percent.

A bipartisan group of 26 senators wrote that the "Congress stands united behind the long-held bipartisan position that Iran must never be allowed to obtain a nuclear weapon."

"It is crucial for your administration to remain aligned with Congressional efforts related to Iran's nuclear program and not agree to a pact that fails to achieve our nation's critical interests. We urge you to take meaningful steps to curb Iran's destabilizing activities and deter the regime from pursuing this nefarious ambition any further."

The letters coincide with bills put forward by lawmakers from both parties in the Senate and House of Representatives to restrict the administration's movement in the negotiations with Iran.

The latest of these bills was submitted by top Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Jim Risch, reminding the White House of the legal necessity to return to Congress upon reaching any agreement with Tehran.

"As the Biden Administration contemplates another enormous cash windfall to the Iranian regime in exchange for dubious non-proliferation promises, it is vitally important that Congress has a voice in any sanctions relief," said Risch.

"Iran remains actively engaged in supporting Russia's unprovoked war in Ukraine and continues to attack our troops and diplomats. [...] Congress has an obligation to ensure that sanctions relief does not fund these appalling activities."



IAEA: Iran Plans New Uranium-enrichment Expansion

Iranian centrifuges are seen on display during a meeting between Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and nuclear scientists and personnel of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), in Tehran, Iran June 11, 2023. Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS
Iranian centrifuges are seen on display during a meeting between Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and nuclear scientists and personnel of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), in Tehran, Iran June 11, 2023. Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS
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IAEA: Iran Plans New Uranium-enrichment Expansion

Iranian centrifuges are seen on display during a meeting between Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and nuclear scientists and personnel of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), in Tehran, Iran June 11, 2023. Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS
Iranian centrifuges are seen on display during a meeting between Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and nuclear scientists and personnel of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), in Tehran, Iran June 11, 2023. Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS

Iran has informed the UN nuclear watchdog that it plans to install more than 6,000 extra uranium-enriching centrifuges at its enrichment plants and bring more of those already in place online, a confidential report by the watchdog said on Thursday.

The International Atomic Energy Agency report seen by Reuters details what Iran meant when it said it would add thousands of centrifuges in response to a resolution against it that the IAEA's 35-nation Board of Governors passed last week at the request of Britain, France, Germany and the United States.
More enrichment capacity means Iran can enrich uranium more quickly, potentially increasing the nuclear proliferation risk. Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons but Western powers say there is no civil explanation for enriching uranium to up to 60% purity, close to the roughly 90% that is weapons grade, which no other country has done without producing a nuclear bomb.
The only enrichment level specified for new centrifuges was 5% purity, far from the 60% Iran is already producing. The lower purity, particularly at its Fordow site, could be seen as a conciliatory move by Iran as it seeks common ground with European powers before the return of US President-elect Donald Trump, though enrichment levels can be changed easily later.
Iran already has well over 10,000 centrifuges operating at two underground plants at Natanz and Fordow and an above-ground pilot plant at Natanz. The report outlined plans to install 32 more cascades, or clusters, of more than 160 machines each and a massive cascade of up to 1,152 advanced IR-6 machines.
At the same time, the number of cascades Iran plans to install vastly outnumbers those that are already installed and that Iran said it would now bring online by feeding them with uranium feedstock, which the IAEA verified it had yet to do.
"The Agency has determined and shared with Iran the changes required to the intensity of its inspection activities at FFEP (Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant) following the commissioning of the cascades," the report said, referring to Iran's plan to bring eight recently installed IR-6 cascades there online.
Fordow is particularly closely watched because it is dug into a mountain and Iran is currently enriching to up to 60% there. The only other plant where it is doing that is the above-ground Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz.
Just before last week's quarterly meeting of the IAEA board, Iran offered to cap its stock of uranium enriched to up to 60%, but diplomats said it was conditional on the board not passing a resolution against Iran.
Although the IAEA verified Iran was slowing enrichment at that highest level and called it "a concrete step in the right direction", the board passed the resolution regardless, repeating a call on Iran to improve cooperation with the IAEA.
Thursday's report said Iran had finished installing the last two cascades of IR-2m centrifuges in a batch of 18 at its vast underground Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz, and that it planned to bring all 18 online, though the IAEA verified on Nov. 26 that no uranium had been fed into them.
Iran also told the agency it intended to install 18 extra cascades of IR-4 centrifuges at that Natanz plant, each with 166 machines, the report said.
At the above-ground pilot plant at Natanz, Iran informed the IAEA it planned to take various steps that suggested it would increase the number of full, rather than small or intermediate, cascades there, which could produce more enriched uranium.
It also said it planned to install one cascade of up to 1,152 IR-6 centrifuges at that pilot plant, which could be the biggest cascade by far in Iran yet.