Iran Nuclear Stalemate Drives Escalation with Israel, No End in Sight

Iranian ballistic missile displayed next to a banner showing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and Revolutionary Guard leaders killed in Israeli strikes on a Tehran street (Reuters file photo)
Iranian ballistic missile displayed next to a banner showing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and Revolutionary Guard leaders killed in Israeli strikes on a Tehran street (Reuters file photo)
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Iran Nuclear Stalemate Drives Escalation with Israel, No End in Sight

Iranian ballistic missile displayed next to a banner showing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and Revolutionary Guard leaders killed in Israeli strikes on a Tehran street (Reuters file photo)
Iranian ballistic missile displayed next to a banner showing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and Revolutionary Guard leaders killed in Israeli strikes on a Tehran street (Reuters file photo)

With no direct negotiations or meaningful international monitoring of Iran’s nuclear program, and growing uncertainty over the size of its stockpile of enriched material, fears are rising across the region that a fresh confrontation between Iran and Israel has become a matter of time.

Although the likelihood of war appears high, most analysts say the moment has not yet arrived, as both sides continue rebuilding their military capabilities at a rapid pace amid unprecedented diplomatic paralysis.

Farzin Nadimi, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, says the chance of a new war between Iran and Israel is very high, but adds that indicators do not point to it being imminent.”

He told Asharq Al-Awsat that both sides will likely try to delay the inevitable through limited diplomatic efforts to contain escalation, while frantically rebuilding their arsenals.

Escalation and denial of mediation with Washington

Iran continues to issue threats while insisting on its conditions for any future talks, projecting a sense of confidence that has been reflected in statements by several Iranian officials.

They have stressed their readiness to respond “with greater force” to any Israeli attack, while denying that Tehran has sent messages or shown willingness to negotiate with Washington. Some of these warnings, analysts say, have even been channeled through outlets operating from within the US capital itself.

Ali Larijani, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, denied that Tehran had sought to lift sanctions through any mediation or correspondence with the US administration, insisting that Iran “will not surrender to American hegemonic tendencies even if that means facing a new confrontation.”

Larijani said “the American narrative about Iran’s weakness is ridiculous,” adding that the country “has chosen the path of resistance despite economic hardships,” and “will not burden itself with empty talk from any government.”

Nadimi says Iran’s hardened rhetoric in recent weeks reflects “growing confidence within the regime,” whose leaders believe their performance during the last twelve-day war with Israel was “successful” and earned them domestic momentum.

Iran, he says, “believes it can perform even better in any future confrontation after reactivating its missile and drone production lines around the clock.”

Nuclear stalemate and absence of international oversight

Analysts say the region has entered a phase of “dangerous stagnation” following the collapse of the 2015 nuclear deal and the return of strict US sanctions, as Iran continues to bar International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors from accessing suspected enrichment sites, including the new facility under the Pickaxe mountain.

According to IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi, Iran still holds about 400 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60 percent, a quantity nearing weapons-grade levels that has heightened Israeli concern that Tehran is approaching a “red line.”

Some warn that continued uncertainty over Iran’s nuclear capabilities “may push Israel to act again to complete what it sees as an unfinished mission during the last war.”

Iran, however, appears increasingly willing to deter such action, arguing that any new attack would offer an opportunity to restore balance and shed the image of weakness left by the previous conflict.

Since the end of the brief military confrontation between Iran and Israel last summer, regional power dynamics have shifted markedly.

Iran now appears more isolated than at any time since the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, while several Arab states have strengthened their influence in Washington through close economic and strategic ties with President Trump’s administration, which continues to support Israel politically and militarily.

Even so, these states are working to keep communication channels open with Tehran to avoid a full-scale regional war. They do not want another conflict, but recognize that Iran, despite its relative weakness, remains capable of sowing turmoil through its regional proxies.

This vulnerability, Nadimi says, “may make Iran more dangerous because it could resort to reckless options in an attempt to restore its regional stature.”

No alternative to force

On the Israeli side, the government does not hide its intention to resume military operations against Iran “the moment it moves closer to producing a nuclear weapon.”

Tel Aviv believes containing Iran’s nuclear program “will not be achieved through negotiations, but through preemptive strikes,” even as Arab states increase pressure on Washington to rein in any uncalculated Israeli escalation.

Chances of returning to the negotiating table now appear almost nonexistent, particularly after Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei declared that “America’s arrogant nature accepts nothing but surrender,” signaling rejection of any talks under US terms.

Most assessments converge on the view that any future confrontation between Iran and Israel, if it occurs, will be broader and bloodier than previous rounds.

Tehran is preparing to use its missile and drone arsenal on an unprecedented scale, while Israel continues to deliver precision strikes on sites believed to house secret enrichment facilities.



Top US, Israeli Generals Meet at Pentagon Amid Soaring Iran Tensions

In this handout photo released by the US Navy on January 31, 2026, an F/A-18F Super Hornet attached to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 41 prepares to launch from the flight deck of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) as it conducts routine flight operations in the Arabian Sea on January 28, 2026. (AFP / US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Zoe Simpson)
In this handout photo released by the US Navy on January 31, 2026, an F/A-18F Super Hornet attached to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 41 prepares to launch from the flight deck of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) as it conducts routine flight operations in the Arabian Sea on January 28, 2026. (AFP / US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Zoe Simpson)
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Top US, Israeli Generals Meet at Pentagon Amid Soaring Iran Tensions

In this handout photo released by the US Navy on January 31, 2026, an F/A-18F Super Hornet attached to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 41 prepares to launch from the flight deck of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) as it conducts routine flight operations in the Arabian Sea on January 28, 2026. (AFP / US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Zoe Simpson)
In this handout photo released by the US Navy on January 31, 2026, an F/A-18F Super Hornet attached to Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 41 prepares to launch from the flight deck of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) as it conducts routine flight operations in the Arabian Sea on January 28, 2026. (AFP / US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Zoe Simpson)

The top US and Israeli generals held talks at the Pentagon on Friday amid soaring tensions with Iran, two US officials told Reuters on Sunday, speaking on condition of ‌anonymity.

The officials ‌did not ‌offer ⁠details about ‌the closed-door discussions between US General Dan Caine, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Eyal ⁠Zamir, the Israeli armed ‌forces chief of staff. ‍The meeting ‍has not been ‍previously reported.

The United States has ramped up its naval presence and hiked its air defenses in the Middle East ⁠after President Donald Trump repeatedly threatened Iran, trying to pressure it to the negotiating table.

Iran's leadership warned on Sunday of a regional conflict if the US were to ‌attack it.


Russia’s Medvedev Says Trump Is an Effective Leader Who Seeks Peace

 Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev attends an interview with Reuters, TASS and WarGonzo in the Moscow region, Russia January 29, 2026. (Dmitry Medvedev's Secretariat/Handout via Reuters)
Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev attends an interview with Reuters, TASS and WarGonzo in the Moscow region, Russia January 29, 2026. (Dmitry Medvedev's Secretariat/Handout via Reuters)
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Russia’s Medvedev Says Trump Is an Effective Leader Who Seeks Peace

 Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev attends an interview with Reuters, TASS and WarGonzo in the Moscow region, Russia January 29, 2026. (Dmitry Medvedev's Secretariat/Handout via Reuters)
Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev attends an interview with Reuters, TASS and WarGonzo in the Moscow region, Russia January 29, 2026. (Dmitry Medvedev's Secretariat/Handout via Reuters)

Dmitry Medvedev, deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, said that US President Donald Trump was an effective leader who was genuinely seeking peace, but that Moscow ‌had seen ‌no ‌trace ⁠of nuclear ‌submarines Trump said he moved to Russian shores last year.

Speaking to Reuters, TASS and the WarGonzo ⁠Russian war blogger in an ‌interview, Medvedev praised ‍Trump's ‍courage in resisting the ‍US establishment and said that the US president's sometimes "brash" style was "effective".

Referring to Trump's August remarks that he had ⁠repositioned two nuclear submarines to appropriate regions in response to Medvedev's warning that throwing ultimatums at Russia was a step towards war, Medvedev said: "We still haven't found ‌them."


Iran’s Supreme Leader Warns Any US Attack Would Spark ‘Regional War’

People walk in front of a mural depicting the late Iranian revolutionary founder Khomeini, right, members of the Basij paramilitary force and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei along Enqelab-e-Eslami Street in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
People walk in front of a mural depicting the late Iranian revolutionary founder Khomeini, right, members of the Basij paramilitary force and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei along Enqelab-e-Eslami Street in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
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Iran’s Supreme Leader Warns Any US Attack Would Spark ‘Regional War’

People walk in front of a mural depicting the late Iranian revolutionary founder Khomeini, right, members of the Basij paramilitary force and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei along Enqelab-e-Eslami Street in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
People walk in front of a mural depicting the late Iranian revolutionary founder Khomeini, right, members of the Basij paramilitary force and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei along Enqelab-e-Eslami Street in Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

Iran's supreme leader warned Sunday that any attack by the United States would spark a "regional war" in the Middle East, further escalating tensions as President Donald Trump has threatened to militarily strike the country over its crackdown on recent nationwide protests. 

The comments from the 86-year-old Ali Khamenei are the most-direct threat he’s made so far as the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln and associated American warships are in the Arabian Sea, sent by Trump there after Tehran's bloody crackdown on nationwide protests. 

It remains unclear whether Trump will use force. He's repeatedly said Iran wants to negotiate and has brought up Tehran's nuclear program as another issue he wants to see resolved. 

But Khamenei also referred to the nationwide protests as "a coup," hardening the government's position as tens of thousands of people reportedly have been detained since the start of the demonstrations. Sedition charges in Iran can carry the death penalty, which again renews concerns about Tehran carrying out mass executions for those arrested — a red line for Trump. 

Iran had also planned a live-fire military drill for Sunday and Monday in the strategic Strait of Hormuz, the narrow mouth of the Gulf through which a fifth of all oil traded passes. The US military's Central Command had warned against threatening American warships or aircraft during the drill or disrupting commercial traffic. 

Khamenei warns US  

Khamenei spoke to a crowd at his compound in Tehran as Iran marked the start of a dayslong commemoration of the country's 1979 revolution. He, at one point, described the US as being interested in its oil, natural gas and other mineral resources, saying that they wanted to "seize this country, just as they controlled it before." 

"The Americans must be aware that if they wage a war this time, it will be a regional war," he said. 

The supreme leader added that: "We are not the instigators, we are not going to be unfair to anyone, we don’t plan to attack any country. But if anyone shows greed and wants to attack or harass, the Iranian nation will deal a heavy blow to them." 

Khamenei also hardened his position on the demonstrations after earlier acknowledging some people had legitimate economic grievances that sparked their protests. The demonstrations began Dec. 28, initially over the collapse of Iran's rial currency. It soon grew into a direct challenge to Khamenei's rule. 

"The recent sedition was similar to a coup. Of course, the coup was suppressed," he said. "Their goal was to destroy sensitive and effective centers involved in running the country, and for this reason they attacked the police, government centers, (Revolutionary Guard) facilities, banks and mosques — and burned copies of the Quran. They targeted centers that run the country." 

The US-based Human Rights Activists New Agency, which relies on a network inside Iran to verify its information, reports that over 49,500 people have been detained in the crackdown. It says the violence killed at least 6,713 people, the vast majority of them demonstrators. The Associated Press has been unable to independently assess the death toll and arrest figures, given authorities have cut Iran's internet off from the rest of the world. 

As of Jan. 21, Iran’s government put the death toll at a far lower 3,117, saying 2,427 were civilians and security forces, labeling the rest "terrorists." In the past, Iran’s theocracy has undercounted or not reported fatalities from unrest. 

That death toll exceeds that of any other round of protest or unrest in Iran in decades and recalls the chaos surrounding the 1979 revolution. 

Parliament speaker says EU militaries considered terrorist groups 

The speaker of Iran's parliament, meanwhile, said that Tehran now considers all European Union militaries to be terrorist groups, lashing out after the bloc declared the country's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard a terror group over taking part in the bloody crackdown. 

Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf, a former Guard commander, announced the terror designation, which will likely be mostly symbolic. Iran has used a 2019 law to reciprocally declare other nations' militaries terror groups following the United States declaration of the Guard a terror group that year. 

Qalibaf made the announcement as he and others in parliament wore Guard uniforms in support of the force. The Guard, which also controls Iran's ballistic missile arsenal and has vast economic interests in Iran, answers only to Khamenei. 

"By seeking to strike at the (Guard), which itself has been the greatest barrier to the spread of terrorism to Europe, Europeans have in fact shot themselves in the foot and, once again, through blind obedience to the Americans, decided against the interests of their own people," Qalibaf said. 

Lawmakers at the session later chanted: "Death to America!" and "Death to Israel!" at the session. 

Trump says Iran is ‘seriously talking' to US  

Trump has laid out two red lines for military action: the killing of peaceful protesters or the possible mass execution of those detained in a major crackdown over the demonstrations. He's increasingly begun discussing Iran's nuclear program as well, which the US negotiated over with Tehran in multiple sessions before Israel launched a 12-day war with Iran back in June. 

The US bombed three Iranian nuclear sites during the war. Activity at two of the sites suggests Iran may be trying to obscure the view of satellites as it tries to salvage what remains there. 

Trump on Saturday night declined to say whether he’d made a decision on what he wanted to do regarding Iran. 

Speaking to reporters as he flew to Florida, Trump sidestepped a question about whether Tehran would be emboldened if the US backed away from launching strikes on Iran, saying, "Some people think that. Some people don’t." 

Trump said Iran should negotiate a "satisfactory" deal to prevent the country from getting any nuclear weapons, but said, "I don’t know that they will. But they are talking to us. Seriously talking to us."