Harris Ends Baghdad Posting, Iran Expert Eyed as Successor

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi meets US Chargé d’Affaires Joshua Harris. (Iraqi Government media)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi meets US Chargé d’Affaires Joshua Harris. (Iraqi Government media)
TT

Harris Ends Baghdad Posting, Iran Expert Eyed as Successor

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi meets US Chargé d’Affaires Joshua Harris. (Iraqi Government media)
Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi meets US Chargé d’Affaires Joshua Harris. (Iraqi Government media)

US Chargé d’Affaires Joshua Harris wrapped up his mission in Iraq with a final meeting with Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi, as Baghdad-Washington ties enter a new phase marked by reduced US diplomatic representation.

Harris took over after former US Ambassador Alina Romanowski, ushering in a diplomatic downgrade in a country that hosts one of Washington’s largest embassies, sprawling for nearly two kilometers along the Tigris River in Baghdad.

A statement from the prime minister’s media office described Iraq and the US as “two friendly countries.”

Harris, whom associates describe as good-humored despite his imposing physique, met most of Iraq’s leaders as his mission drew to a close. They included Supreme Judicial Council President Faiq Zidan, Hikma Movement leader Ammar al-Hakim and former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.

Harris praised ties between Washington and Baghdad after al-Zaidi thanked him for his service during a transition in the two countries’ relationship, shaped by the US-Iranian conflict and the role of armed factions.

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein also thanked Harris for helping strengthen relations between Iraq and the US, the Foreign Ministry said in a statement.

Factions' weapons

Political circles expect former US Ambassador to Yemen Steven Fagin to become Washington’s new chargé d’affaires in Baghdad. Many describe him as an expert on Iraq and the wider region, particularly Iran.

Iraqi officials and experts told Asharq Al-Awsat that Baghdad-Washington ties could take a different course in the next phase, particularly as they become linked to US-Iranian relations.

“Diplomatic representation remains at a low level, indicating that the US is monitoring progress on the factions’ handover of weapons,” former Iraqi lawmaker Sajjad Salim told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“Washington has no desire to offer further support to the Baghdad government after the prime minister was received at the White House,” he said.

“Despite optimism about the new prime minister and the clear support for him, Washington has concluded that the factions are not serious about handing over their weapons and are merely playing for time.”

Salim said that appointing an expert on Iranian affairs raised two issues.

“First, Iraq is one part of a more complex issue — Iran,” he said. “Second, amid this long-term war with the Iranian regime, aimed at undermining or overthrowing it, Iraq must either remain neutral or become a logistical hub supporting the war effort against Iran.”

Former US Ambassador to Yemen Steven Fagin. (US Mission to Yemen on X)

Uncertain outlook

Kifah Mahmoud Karim, media adviser to Kurdistan Democratic Party leader Masoud Barzani, said US institutions did not act on personal whims.

“Any US official working abroad, regardless of rank or role, operates under a predetermined plan,” he told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Citing people close to Harris, Mahmoud said the outgoing chargé d’affaires had been “more energetic and dynamic in implementing the established policy.”

Asked about the Kurdistan Region’s dealings with US ambassadors to Iraq and Washington’s engagement with the region through them, Mahmoud said the region built its relations through the federal Foreign Ministry.

He said Baghdad-Washington ties remained fraught with uncertainty, “not so much because of changes in US policy as because of shifts in Iraqi policy toward various regional issues, particularly the conflict between the US and Iran.”

“It is not Iraq’s duty to act as Iran’s lawyer or to involve itself in a war in which it has no interest,” Mahmoud said.

“Nor is it in Iraq’s interest to have armed factions carrying out acts that the US considers aggressive and terrorist.”

Abbas Abboud Salem, a researcher and professor of political science, said the Trump administration differed from previous US administrations by nominating ambassadors from outside the State Department.

Such nominees require Senate approval, he said, and because securing that approval can be difficult, a chargé d’affaires becomes the alternative.

“But the chargé d’affaires is ultimately a professional diplomat who understands the role well,” Salem told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“The appointment of a US chargé d’affaires at this stage is extremely important because this is a different phase,” he said.

“It coincides with the withdrawal of US troops and the end of the US-led coalition’s mission. New areas of engagement are therefore expected, including the economy, energy and investment.”

On the political side of Baghdad-Washington ties, Salem said the relationship was often entrusted to US envoy to Iraq Tom Barrack “because he is directly connected to the White House and the president.”



Egyptian-Italian Exercise Supports Stronger Relations

Egyptian military announces joint military exercise with Italy (Egyptian military spokesperson)
Egyptian military announces joint military exercise with Italy (Egyptian military spokesperson)
TT

Egyptian-Italian Exercise Supports Stronger Relations

Egyptian military announces joint military exercise with Italy (Egyptian military spokesperson)
Egyptian military announces joint military exercise with Italy (Egyptian military spokesperson)

The Egyptian military announced joint military exercises with Italy, including drills in mountainous areas in Italy, days after an Italian court convicted three Egyptian security officials in the case of the killing of researcher Giulio Regeni.

In a statement Thursday, the Egyptian military spokesperson said that, "as part of the armed forces' commitment to strengthening military cooperation with friendly and brotherly countries," elements of the Egyptian Thunderbolt Forces and Italian Special Forces conducted the joint exercise "4IT-EGY-T-" to train in mountain warfare. The exercise was held over several days in Italy.

The spokesperson added that the activities included a number of tactical and specialized exercises, including training in safe movement in mountainous areas, dealing with difficult geographical terrain, mountain-climbing skills, and rapid descent from high elevations in unconventional environments and weather conditions.

According to the Egyptian military, the exercise aims to exchange expertise, hone combat and specialized skills, and enhance the efficiency and readiness of participating personnel to carry out missions requiring specialized skills effectively.

The exercise comes as an Italian court ruled Monday to sentence three Egyptian officers to 10 years in prison after convicting them of involvement in "the abduction and detention of Regeni." The court acquitted Major General Tarek Saber, the former head of Egypt's National Security Agency. Egypt denies any involvement by state agencies in the case.

The four men were tried in absentia under Italian laws that allow the prosecution of crimes committed against Italian citizens abroad. Italian authorities said they were unable to determine the whereabouts of the defendants.

Regeni, a graduate student at the UK's University of Cambridge, disappeared in the Egyptian capital on January 25, 2016. His body was found about a week later.

Relations between Italy and Egypt deteriorated sharply following Regeni's killing but have gradually recovered in recent years. Cairo hosted the Egypt-Italy Joint Higher Committee on September 3, chaired by the two countries' foreign ministers, for the first time since 2014. The two sides also held a business forum to discuss strengthening economic cooperation.

In an earlier statement to Asharq Al-Awsat, Ambassador Rakha Ahmed Hassan, a member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs, said Cairo and Rome separate their bilateral relations from the procedures in the Regeni case. He noted that "there is an agreement between Egypt and Italy to strengthen bilateral relations in various fields," alongside "dealing with the case of the Italian researcher as an exceptional individual crime, to be addressed through legal means."


Iraqi PM Sets June 30 Deadline for Pro-Iran Factions to Disarm

Iraq's Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi speaks during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations headquarters, Friday, Sept. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)
Iraq's Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi speaks during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations headquarters, Friday, Sept. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)
TT

Iraqi PM Sets June 30 Deadline for Pro-Iran Factions to Disarm

Iraq's Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi speaks during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations headquarters, Friday, Sept. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)
Iraq's Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi speaks during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly at United Nations headquarters, Friday, Sept. 25, 2026. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi on Thursday announced June 30 as a new deadline for armed factions to turn over their weapons to the state, following the end of the US-led coalition's mission in the country.

"October 1 is considered a serious beginning to address the issue of weapons outside state control... according to a clear roadmap and agreed timelines extending no later than June 30, 2027," Zaidi said in a statement, after having backed away from an initial September 30 deadline.


Trump Hails the US Military's Exit from Iraq after 12-year Mission against ISIS

29 September 2026, US, Washington: US President Donald Trump stands at the White House during a meeting with Technology executives. Photo: Matt Kaminsky/ZUMA Press Wire/dpa
29 September 2026, US, Washington: US President Donald Trump stands at the White House during a meeting with Technology executives. Photo: Matt Kaminsky/ZUMA Press Wire/dpa
TT

Trump Hails the US Military's Exit from Iraq after 12-year Mission against ISIS

29 September 2026, US, Washington: US President Donald Trump stands at the White House during a meeting with Technology executives. Photo: Matt Kaminsky/ZUMA Press Wire/dpa
29 September 2026, US, Washington: US President Donald Trump stands at the White House during a meeting with Technology executives. Photo: Matt Kaminsky/ZUMA Press Wire/dpa

The US military announced Wednesday that it completed the withdrawal of all American troops from Iraq, ending a 12-year mission to fight the ISIS group and prompting President Donald Trump to hail the conclusion of "a very expensive excursion into Hell.”

The last US troops left an air base in northern Iraq under a deal between Baghdad and Washington, The Associated Press reported.

Trump, in a social media post, described the withdrawal by a Sept. 30 deadline as “orderly." Appearing soon after at a White House event celebrating Hispanics, he spoke at length about the withdrawal and said, “It’s been a long time with very bad decision making that got us involved in this quagmire in the first place. It was a quagmire. For many, many years it lasted. But soon that part of history will be over.”

He said the shift was a victory for the US, Iraq and a sign of victory over the ISIS group.

The withdrawal, agreed on two years ago, comes against the backdrop of the ongoing war between the United States and Iran that has also sometimes spilled over into Iraq, with Iran-backed militias firing on US troops and the US striking the groups' strongholds.

Trump’s comments came as his own decision earlier this year to launch the war with Iran has been compared to the Iraq war for its undefined mission as it nears its seventh month.

Appearing at the White House, Trump made that comparison, arguing both that his one-day military action in Venezuela earlier this year to capture now former President Nicolás Maduro and the Iran war compared favorably, taking far less time and with fewer deaths of US troops.

In recent years, Washington has sought to shift its focus from the Middle East toward Asia, but that shift has been inconsistent, with the Pentagon alternating between reducing its Mideast presence and then finding itself engaging in new conflicts — including the ongoing war in Iran.

Baghdad touted the end of the US mission as a sign of the country's increasing strength and sovereignty.

The withdrawal was also celebrated by Iran-backed groups but raised concerns among some other Iraqis, particularly in the Kurdish region, where many fear a resurgence of the ISIS group as well as more attacks by Iran-linked groups, possibly emboldened by the departure of US forces.

Meanwhile, questions loom around the future of the Iraqi militias, which the Baghdad government has sought to disarm, with little success so far.

A new phase in Iraq after decades of US involvement

Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell said in a statement that US troops and equipment had completed an “orderly departure” from the air base in Irbil, in northern Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdish region.

“This milestone reflects the success of a 12-year campaign that defeated ISIS as an organized military threat in Iraq and across the region,” he said. “It also marks a transition from a wartime coalition mission to an Iraqi-led security effort supported by a more normal bilateral security relationship.”

He added that the US military “will continue to provide targeted training and intelligence support to our Iraqi partners.”

Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi presided over the handover ceremony and described the US withdrawal as the beginning of a “new phase, one defined by Iraq’s sovereignty, the strength of its institutions, the readiness of its forces, the unity of its decision-making, and balanced partnerships with its friends.”

He said Iraqi security forces will continue the fight against ISIS and the government will ensure that non-state groups no longer hold weapons.

Trump in his remarks on Wednesday lavished praise on al-Zaidi, calling him “outstanding,” a “fantastic guy, friend of mine,” and someone who “will hopefully be able to handle things very well.” He also appeared to try to take credit for al-Zaidi's leadership, saying that the Iraqi leader was “running for election” and “wasn’t given even a chance and I endorsed him and politicked for him a little bit, and he ended up winning in a virtual landslide.”

Al-Zaidi was not on the ballot but was selected as prime minister when Iraq’s dominant parliamentary bloc nominated him after weeks of internal debate among its member parties and Trump publicly announcing his opposition to the coalition's previous choice.

US troops invaded Iraq in 2003 to topple Saddam Hussein. They departed in 2011, but three years later, Iraqi authorities invited a smaller US-led mission to fight the ISIS group, which had rampaged across Iraq, seizing large swaths of territory.

With the extremist group reduced to scattered sleeper cells, Washington and Baghdad agreed in 2024 to wind the mission down.

US troops pulled out of bases in most areas of Iraq last year but maintained a small presence of hundreds of troops in the semiautonomous northern Kurdish region. Bases there have regularly come under attack since the US and Israel launched their war against Iran on Feb. 28.

The future of militias remains unclear

The Iraqi government initially linked the Sept. 30 deadline for US withdrawal to the disarmament of non-state armed groups by that date.

While a handful of less-influential militias have agreed to turn over their weapons, powerful groups close to Iran rejected the prospect or set conditions for disarming that the government would be unlikely to meet.

Al-Zaidi has since walked back the deadline. He told The New York Times earlier this month that the deadline for militia disarmament has been pushed to June 2027.

The effects of the US withdrawal may not be immediately visible, particularly since the US military presence had already been scaled down. But officials in Iraq's Kurdish region have expressed anxiety about the departure and particularly about the removal of US air defense systems.

The Kurdish regional government's Peshmerga Ministry said the Kurdish region had faced more than 1,000 drone and ballistic-missile attacks during the recent US-Iran conflict.

“The departure of the United States from the Kurdistan Region under these complex regional circumstances, without the provision of a defense system, is a matter of concern,” the statement said.

Iran-allied groups in Iraq, meanwhile, have celebrated the US withdrawal.

“The expulsion of the occupation forces, defeated, from the land of Iraq is the beginning of full sovereignty,” Abu Mujahid al-Assaf, a security official with the powerful Kataib Hezbollah militia, said in a statement.

He added a warning to al-Zaidi and his government not to carry out American plans, threatening that “any government that does not work for the benefit of the people will be overthrown by all means.”

Kataib Hezbollah leader Ahmad al-Hamidawi took a somewhat more conciliatory tone, calling on the group's fighters to halt their military activities “with the exception of targeting hostile aircraft violating the country’s airspace.”

The Islamic Resistance in Iraq, an umbrella group of Iran-backed militias, said in a statement that negotiations with the government over the regulation of weapons have not resulted in an agreement and that it was “not bound by any timeline or agreement” announced by the government or political entity. The group said it is open to “any dialogue that guarantees Iraq’s sovereignty and dignity.”