Türkiye's Clothing Makers Face Rising Costs from Push to Help Textile Sector

Turkish clothing manufacturers, the third-largest suppliers of apparel to Europe, face higher production costs and risk falling further behind their Asian rivals after the government hiked taxes on textile imports, sector leaders say.
Ankara raised tariffs by 30-100% on hundreds of incoming textile products last week, aiming to support local yarn and fabric manufacturers that appealed for support against a wave of cheaper imports.
Apparel officials say the new taxes are squeezing the industry, which is among Türkiye's biggest employers, supplying heavyweight European brands such as H&M, Mango, Adidas, Puma and Inditex.
Job cuts could come, sector representatives say, as import costs rise and Turkish producers shed market share to rivals like Bangladesh and Vietnam.
Exporters can technically apply for exemptions from the tax, but industry sources say the exemption regime is costly and time-consuming, and in practice does not work for many companies.
The sector was already fighting soaring inflation, waning demand and lower profit margins due to what exporters see as an over-valued lira, as well as the effects of Türkiye's years-long experiment with cutting interest rates as inflation rose, a policy recently revisited.
The price of a Turkish-made t-shirt is now 40% higher for a European shopper than one from Bangladesh, said Seref Fayat, chairman of Türkiye's TOBB Clothing and the Apparel Industry Assembly. A couple of years ago the gap was 15-20%, another source said.
"Fashion brands can bear higher prices up to 20%, but anything more leads to market losses", Fayat said.
Timur Bozdemir, president of DF Manhattan Inc, which manufactures women's garments for the European and US markets, said the new tariff will raise the cost of a $10 t-shirt by no more than 50 cents.
He does not expect to lose customers, but said the changes reinforced the need for Türkiye's apparel industry to shift from mass production to value-added.
"If we insist on competing with Bangladesh or Vietnam for a $3 t-shirt, no doubt we will lose," he said.
COMPETITIVE EDGE
Türkiye exported $10.4 billion in textiles and $21.2 billion in clothing last year, making it the world's fifth and sixth biggest global exporter respectively.
It is the second-largest textile and third-largest clothing supplier to the neighboring European Union, European Apparel and Textile Confederation (Euratex) data shows.
But its share of the European market slipped to 12.7% last year from 13.8% in 2021.
Western customers turned to Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic to cut freight costs amid supply disruptions.
When it ended, the combination of plunging shipping costs and rising domestic inflation dulled its competitive edge.
Textile and apparel exports fell more than 8% through October this year, while overall exports were flat, sector data shows.
The textile sector, facing a rise in cheaper imported fabrics and yarns which in part sparked the need for the tariffs, saw its number of registered employees falling 15% through August.
Its capacity utilization rate was 71% last month, compared to 77% in manufacturing overall, and sector officials say the rate is near 50% for many yarn manufacturers.
"I've almost stopped production and cut most of the jobs in my yarn facility - and I'm not the only one in this situation," said Fatih Bilici, who runs an Osmaniye-based yarn factory that supplies local and foreign markets.
His company cut daily production to 5 tons from 50 tons a few months ago. He said the tariffs are vital for an industry struggling to survive.
"It costs me $3.20/kg to manufacture, whereas my Uzbek rival sells it at $2.70. How can I can compete?".
The lira has shed 35% of its value to the dollar this year and 80% over five years. But exporters say the lira should depreciate yet more to better reflect inflation that is running above 61% and touched 85% last year.
TOBB's Fayat said the textile and apparel sector had cut 170,000 jobs so far this year. As monetary tightening cools an overheated economy, it is expected to hit 200,000 by year-end.

Kering reported a bigger-than-expected drop in second-quarter sales and forecast a weak second half, as the French luxury group struggles to revive its key label Gucci and worries grow about a prolonged downturn in high-end spending.

Sales at the French luxury group which owns labels Gucci, Boucheron and Balenciaga, fell to 4.5 billion euros ($4.9 billion), an 11% drop on an organic basis, which strips out currency effects and acquisitions.

The figure was below analyst expectations for a 9% drop, according to a Visible Alpha consensus.

It also said second-half operating income could fall by around 30%, following a 42% drop in the first half.

Sales at Gucci fell 19%, showing no improvement from the first quarter, and below analyst expectations for a 16% decline, according to a Visible Alpha consensus.

Kering has been revamping Gucci, the century-old Italian fashion house which accounts for half of group sales and two-thirds of profit.

Minimalist designs from new creative director Sabato de Sarno, which began trickling into stores earlier this year, are key to the design reset and push upmarket, in a bid to cater to wealthier clients who are more immune to economic headwinds.

Kering chief financial officer Armelle Poulou told reporters that the designs had been well received and the rollout was on track.

But the efforts have been complicated by a downturn in the global luxury market, while China's rebound - traditionally Gucci's most coveted market - was clouded by a property crisis and high youth unemployment as Western markets came down from a post-pandemic splurge.

Earnings from sector bellwether LVMH on Tuesday missed expectations as sales rose 1%, offering few signs that a pickup is around the corner, sending shares in luxury goods companies down on Wednesday. Kering traded at its lowest level since 2017.

Türkiye's Clothing Makers Face Rising Costs from Push to Help Textile Sector