Inside Hamas’ ‘Shadow Unit’: The Force Behind Hostage Protection

Al-Qassam Brigades fighters before handing over an Israeli captive to the Red Cross in Gaza on Saturday. (EPA)
Al-Qassam Brigades fighters before handing over an Israeli captive to the Red Cross in Gaza on Saturday. (EPA)
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Inside Hamas’ ‘Shadow Unit’: The Force Behind Hostage Protection

Al-Qassam Brigades fighters before handing over an Israeli captive to the Red Cross in Gaza on Saturday. (EPA)
Al-Qassam Brigades fighters before handing over an Israeli captive to the Red Cross in Gaza on Saturday. (EPA)

Hamas’ armed wing, the Al-Qassam Brigades, relied on its secretive “Shadow Unit” to keep Israeli hostages alive for nearly 15 months of war across Gaza, making it a crucial element in the Palestinian group’s operations.

Despite Israel’s ground forces advancing into every part of Gaza, backed by relentless air and artillery strikes, they failed to achieve one of the war’s key objectives—recovering hostages alive.

Most of those retrieved were bodies, with only a handful—no more than seven—rescued alive.

The “Shadow Unit” played a pivotal role in constantly moving captives from one location to another, thwarting Israeli efforts to locate them.

The public appearance of the Shadow Unit during the handover of Israeli hostages has raised questions about how the group managed to hold such a large number of captives for 15 months, despite intense Israeli military operations throughout the war.

The Shadow Unit was officially formed in 2006, shortly after the Al-Qassam Brigades and other factions captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. However, its existence remained undisclosed until 2016—five years after Shalit was freed in a prisoner exchange in 2011—when Al-Qassam released previously unseen footage of him in captivity.

Hamas sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the unit was established around three months after Shalit’s abduction, following a series of Israeli airstrikes targeting locations where he had been held, both shortly after his capture and at later stages.

The Shadow Unit was initially composed of highly skilled operatives with extensive security and military expertise tasked with safeguarding Shalit, they added.

Over time, more members were recruited, including operatives from Al-Qassam Brigades' intelligence unit, the elite force, and other combat divisions.

The recruits underwent specialized security, intelligence, military and technological training.

According to the sources, Hamas’ top military commander, Mohammed Deif, and his longtime associate Mohammed Al-Sinwar ordered the unit’s formation following Shalit’s abduction.

Many of its early members, including those assigned to guard Shalit, were from Khan Younis, Deif and Al-Sinwar’s hometown.

Among them were senior Al-Qassam field commanders Abdel Rahman Al-Mubasher, Khaled Abu Bakra, and Mohammed Dawoud, who were killed in separate incidents in 2013 and 2021.



Where Do Trade Talks Stand in the Rush to Avert Higher US Tariffs?

FILE PHOTO: A container is loaded onto a cargo ship while docked at Hai Phong port, after US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on tariffs for many countries, in Hai Phong, Vietnam, April 16, 2025. REUTERS/Athit Perawongmetha/File Photo/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A container is loaded onto a cargo ship while docked at Hai Phong port, after US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on tariffs for many countries, in Hai Phong, Vietnam, April 16, 2025. REUTERS/Athit Perawongmetha/File Photo/File Photo
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Where Do Trade Talks Stand in the Rush to Avert Higher US Tariffs?

FILE PHOTO: A container is loaded onto a cargo ship while docked at Hai Phong port, after US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on tariffs for many countries, in Hai Phong, Vietnam, April 16, 2025. REUTERS/Athit Perawongmetha/File Photo/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: A container is loaded onto a cargo ship while docked at Hai Phong port, after US President Donald Trump announced a 90-day pause on tariffs for many countries, in Hai Phong, Vietnam, April 16, 2025. REUTERS/Athit Perawongmetha/File Photo/File Photo

As a Wednesday deadline approaches for steeper US tariffs to hit dozens of economies ranging from the EU to India, trade negotiations with President Donald Trump's administration are coming down to the wire.

The levies taking effect July 9 were announced in April, with the White House citing a lack of "reciprocity" in trade relations. But they were swiftly halted, allowing room for talks.

Days before their reimposition, where do things stand?

EU: 'Ready' for deal

The European Union said it is "ready for a deal" with Washington, with the bloc's trade chief meeting his US counterparts Thursday.

European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen said the EU was targeting an "agreement in principle" when it came to the July 9 cutoff, AFP reported.

With no deal, the US tariff on EU goods doubles from the "baseline" of 10 percent to 20 percent -- with Trump previously threatening a 50 percent level.

Vietnam: A pact with uncertainties

Washington and Hanoi unveiled a trade pact Wednesday with much fanfare and few details, but it allowed Vietnam to avoid Trump's initial 46 percent tariff.

Under the agreement, Vietnamese goods face a minimum 20 percent tariff while products made elsewhere face a 40 percent levy -- a clause to restrict "transshipping" by Chinese groups.

But there remain questions on how the higher levy would apply to products using foreign parts.

There is also a risk that Beijing will adopt retaliatory measures, analysts warned.

Japan: Rice, autos at stake

Despite being a close US ally and major source of foreign investment, Japan might not escape Trump's tariff hike.

Tokyo's trade envoy Ryosei Akazawa has made numerous trips to Washington through the end of June.

But Trump recently criticized what he described as Japan's reluctance to open up further to US rice and auto exports.

"I'm not sure we're going to make a deal," Trump said, adding that the country could pay a tariff of "30 percent, 35 percent, or whatever the number is that we determine."

India: A good position

Indian manufacturers and exporters want to believe they can avoid a 26 percent tariff.

Negotiations between both countries have been going well for weeks, and Trump himself suggested at the end of June that a "very big" agreement was imminent.

Ajay Sahai, director general of the Federation of Indian Export Organizations, said the feedback he received "suggests positive developments." But he maintained that the situation was fluid.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has stressed that agriculture and dairy products remain "very big red lines."

South Korea: Muted optimism

Seoul, which is already reeling from US tariffs on steel and autos, wants to avert a sweeping 25 percent levy on its other exports.

Cooperation in shipbuilding could be a bargaining chip, but "at this stage, both sides still haven't clearly defined what exactly they want," said new President Lee Jae Myung on Thursday.

"I can't say with confidence that we'll be able to wrap everything up by July 8," he added.

Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan in the wings

Other Asian economies including Indonesia, Thailand and Cambodia, which faces a 49 percent tariff, wait with bated breath.

Indonesia has indicated willingness to boost energy, agriculture and merchandise imports from the United States. Bangladesh meanwhile is proposing to buy Boeing planes and step up imports of US agriculture products.

Taiwan, for whom Washington is a vital security partner, faces a 32 percent duty without a pact.

Although both sides have faced bumps along the way, Taiwanese Vice President Hsiao Bi-khim said "negotiators from both sides are working diligently" to find a path forward.

Switzerland: Hope for delay

Switzerland's government said Washington has acknowledged it was acting in good faith, and assumes its tariff level will remain at 10 percent on July 9 while negotiations continue.

But without a decision by the president as of the end of June, Switzerland did not rule out that levies could still rise to a promised 31 percent.