Former US Intelligence Agent Says Iran, Not Libya, behind Lockerbie Bombing

Scottish rescue workers and crash investigators search the area around the cockpit of Pan Am Flight 103 in a farmer's field east of Lockerbie, Scotland, December 23, 1988. (Reuters)
Scottish rescue workers and crash investigators search the area around the cockpit of Pan Am Flight 103 in a farmer's field east of Lockerbie, Scotland, December 23, 1988. (Reuters)
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Former US Intelligence Agent Says Iran, Not Libya, behind Lockerbie Bombing

Scottish rescue workers and crash investigators search the area around the cockpit of Pan Am Flight 103 in a farmer's field east of Lockerbie, Scotland, December 23, 1988. (Reuters)
Scottish rescue workers and crash investigators search the area around the cockpit of Pan Am Flight 103 in a farmer's field east of Lockerbie, Scotland, December 23, 1988. (Reuters)

A former Central Intelligence Agency agent claimed on Sunday that Iran, not Libya, was most likely behind the 1988 Lockerbie bombing, which killed 270 people mostly Americans.

In an article featured by the Times of Israel on Sunday, former operative John Holt said: “I am breaking 20 years of silence about one of the most heinous plane bombings on record, Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland on December 21, 1988. I can now tell you, as I have been telling the CIA and FBI since being interviewed by them in early 2000, that I and many other intelligence officers do not believe that Libya is responsible for the bombing. Iran, as the original evidence clearly showed, is the true perpetrator of this deadly attack and should be brought to justice.”

He accused recently resigned US attorney general William Barr of diverting blame from Iran in the case.

“Two weeks ago, just before stepping down as US attorney general, William Barr, who was also AG in 1992 and oversaw the investigation and indictment of the case, announced new charges against a Libyan man known as Masud for supposedly constructing the bomb that detonated on the plane. I believe Barr and the Justice Department announced this new indictment purely for the purpose of shoring up Barr’s original, faulty 1991 indictments,” wrote Holt.

“The evidence and logic in the current case against Mr. Masud are as flimsy as the cases were two decades ago when Barr steered focus away from the obvious culprit, Iran,” he charged.

“I know Libya is not behind the bombing because I was the long-time handler for the principal US government witness Abdul Majid Giaka, a Libyan agent who never provided any evidence pointing to Libya or any indication of knowing anything about that nation’s involvement in the two years after the bombing. Yet years later, he testified against the convicted Libyan intelligence officer, Abdel Basset al-Megrahi, at the Lockerbie bombing (Pan Am 103) trial conducted at The Hague in 2000,” he revealed.

Moreover, he said the US Government prevented his testimony and hid from evidence the cables he wrote that proved Giaka knew nothing. “When my cables were finally released to the trial at the demand of the defense, the court dismissed Giaka along with the two CIA operations officers sent to the trial to testify to his credibility.”

“Yet today, the charade continues. The FBI acknowledges they have not even interviewed Mr. Masud themselves and are entirely dependent on an 8-year-old statement by an unnamed Libyan police officer from a country in the midst of a devastating civil war. Moreover, Masud had no history or signature for making the type of bomb that brought down Pan Am 103 nor for concealing bombs in Toshiba radios. The PFLP-GC (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command) did,” said Holt.

“It is time to drop the routine CIA procedure of embellishing intelligence reporting to fit a preconceived outcome rather than following the facts. The families of Pan Am flight 103 victims have suffered long enough and deserve to now be able to rest assured that the real perpetrators of this act of terrorism, Iranian actors, are brought to justice,” he demanded.

“I am asking that the case be reexamined due to the availability of evidence against Iran and irregularities in the US government presentation of evidence at the first trial. The son of the man convicted made a similar request. He recently appealed the conviction of his father to the High Court in Scotland. The panel of five judges is currently reviewing the appeal, which was presented in late November 2020,” he stated.

President Donald Trump “still has an opportunity to take action” before his term ends, said Hold.

“I served for more than 40 years in the Middle East and saw numerous Americans killed by terrorist attacks, all orchestrated and supported by the mullahs in Iran. I urge President Trump to bring Iranian religious leadership to justice for the Pan Am 103 bombing now. The US and Israel should work together to strike key Iranian military facilities, IRGC training camps and all nuclear development sites, both open and secret, before Iran gathers enough strength to strike again, which they will,” he warned..

Holt is a Professor of Political Science at a US university. He served more than 40 years in the US Intelligence Community, including 25 years as a CIA Operations Officer in the Middle East. He was the long-time handler for Abdul Majid Giaka, who was the key US government witness in the Lockerbie trial conducted at The Hague in 2000, read his bio accord to the Times of Israel.



Iran Orders Material from China to Produce 800 Ballistic Missiles

A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
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Iran Orders Material from China to Produce 800 Ballistic Missiles

A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS
A satellite image shows the smoke rising from the explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port, Bandar Abbas, Iran April 27, 2025. Maxar Technologies/Handout via REUTERS

Iran has ordered thousands of tons of ballistic-missile ingredients from China, people familiar with the transaction told The Wall Street Journal, seeking to rebuild its military prowess as it discusses the future of its nuclear program with the US.

The report, which cited people familiar with the transaction, said Tehran had ordered enough ammonium perchlorate to potentially manufacture up to 800 missiles. It said the material is used to produce solid-fuel missiles.

“Shipments of ammonium perchlorate are expected to reach Iran in coming months and could fuel hundreds of ballistic missiles,” the people said. Some of the material would likely be sent to militias in the region aligned with Iran, including Houthis in Yemen.

According to the Journal, Iran’s drive to expand its missile stockpile and strengthen its regional proxies comes as it continues to enrich uranium to levels just below weapons grade and has refused to place limits on its missile development as part of nuclear negotiations.

President Donald Trump said he discussed the issue during a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin

“Time is running out on Iran's decision pertaining to nuclear weapons,” Trump wrote Wednesday in a social-media post.

Part of rebuilding Iran’s 'Axis of Resistance'

The shipment of ammonium perchlorate is part of Iran’s broader efforts to rebuild its so-called "Axis of Resistance" network.

The ammonium perchlorate was ordered by an Iranian entity called Pishgaman Tejarat Rafi Novin Co. from the Hong Kong-based Lion Commodities Holdings Ltd, the Journal reported.

China’s Foreign Ministry told the Journal that Beijing was unaware of a contract for such a shipment.

“The Chinese side has always exercised strict control over dual-use items in accordance with China’s export control laws and regulations and its international obligations,” said the spokesperson.

Iran has been looking for ways to rebuild its network of regional proxies, the so-called Axis of Resistance, after Israel struck Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and the Assad regime in Syria.

While US and Israeli strikes have damaged the Houthis' capabilities in Yemen, they continue to periodically launch missiles at Israel.

The Journal said that beyond supporting regional militias, Iran has also reportedly transferred ballistic missiles to Shiite militia groups in Iraq, which have previously targeted both US and Israeli forces in the region.

Earlier this year, Iranian ships docked in China to load over 1,000 tons of sodium perchlorate, a precursor for ammonium perchlorate.

The material was delivered to Iranian ports in mid-February and late March, according to shipping trackers. This quantity of sodium perchlorate is said to be enough to fuel around 260 short-range missiles.

The new order for ammonium perchlorate, which was placed months before President Trump’s proposed nuclear talks with Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, in early March, could supply Iran with enough material to produce approximately 800 missiles, one official estimated.

In response to Iran’s missile activities, the US Treasury Department sanctioned six individuals and six entities from both Iran and China on April 29 for their involvement in procuring ballistic missile propellant ingredients.

Two weeks later, the Treasury expanded these sanctions to include additional Chinese and Hong Kong entities. It added sodium perchlorate to its list of materials linked to Iran’s military, nuclear, and missile activities.

A State Department official said, “Chinese entities and individuals have provided support to Iran’s ballistic missile program, as well as to the Houthis’ missile and UAV production efforts, which is why we continue to identify and sanction them.”

Possible Threats

Fabian Hinz, a military expert at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, said “Iran likely needs material from abroad to avoid bottlenecks in its domestic production capabilities.”

However, storing such materials poses significant risks.

In April, a deadly explosion at Shahid Rajaee port, Iran’s key container hub, killed dozens. State media attributed the blast to the mishandling of explosive materials by a unit of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Quds Force.

An official confirmed that some of the previously imported sodium perchlorate was destroyed in the incident.

“These substances are a major fire and explosive hazard,” Hinz warned. “Iran’s defense industrial complex does not have a strong track record in ensuring safety standards.”