UN Mediation Efforts in Sudan Faces Hurdles

People march on Pennsylvania avenue during an anti-coup protest after military took over the government of Sudan on 25 October, in Washington, DC, USA, 30 October 2021. EPA/GAMAL DIAB
People march on Pennsylvania avenue during an anti-coup protest after military took over the government of Sudan on 25 October, in Washington, DC, USA, 30 October 2021. EPA/GAMAL DIAB
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UN Mediation Efforts in Sudan Faces Hurdles

People march on Pennsylvania avenue during an anti-coup protest after military took over the government of Sudan on 25 October, in Washington, DC, USA, 30 October 2021. EPA/GAMAL DIAB
People march on Pennsylvania avenue during an anti-coup protest after military took over the government of Sudan on 25 October, in Washington, DC, USA, 30 October 2021. EPA/GAMAL DIAB

Sudan's army chief, Lieutenant-General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok are hampering the mediation efforts of the UN Special Envoy to Sudan, Volker Perthes, to resolve the political crisis in the country, sources in Khartoum said.

According to the sources, Hamdok stipulates that the dismissed government with its entire staff must return to their posts, all detained ministers and political leaders must be released, and calls for full commitment to the constitutional document before entering into dialogue with the army.

As for Burhan, he wants to form a government of technocrats.

However, the Forces of Freedom and Change, which includes the main national parties, supports Hamdok's demands and adheres to his return as head of the civilian government.

British ambassador Simon Manley stressed the urgent need for the top UN rights body to discuss the situation in Sudan since the army's October 25 power grab.

"We request that the Human Rights Council hold a special session this week to address the human rights implications of the ongoing situation in the Republic of Sudan," he said in a letter.

"A special session is needed because of the importance and urgency of the situation."

The Forces of Freedom and Change took a unanimous decision to bring down the "military coup," demanding justice for the martyrs and the injured.

The Central Council, the highest political body of the Forces, held a meeting at the National Umma Party in Omdurman, discussing the current situation.

The Council issued a statement demanding the return of the prime minister and his government to carry out their duties under the constitutional document, the immediate release of all detainees, and a return to the constitutional system that existed before October 25.

It affirmed its categorical rejection of any dialogue or negotiation with the army leadership.

Meanwhile, a South Sudan delegation, led by presidential advisor Tut Gatluak, met with Burhan and Hamdok to mediate between the military and the civilian leaders.

Burhan received a message from the President of South Sudan, General Salva Kiir Mayardit, dealing with Sudan's security, stability, and peace.

The Sudanese News Agency (SUNA) stated that during his meeting with Gatluak, Burhan lauded the significant role of South Sudan to support and ensure the success of the transitional period and its keenness to protect the achievements of the December Revolution and aspirations of the Sudanese people.

Gatluak said President Salva Kiir is monitoring the recent developments closely and with great concern, calling on all the parties to overcome the current political crisis.

He announced that the South Sudan delegation would hold several meetings with Hamdok and the Forces of Freedom and Change to discuss the root of the problem and bridge differences among all political parties.

Meanwhile, authorities rearrested Ibrahim Ghandour, head of Sudan's disbanded former ruling National Congress Party, a day after his release. Other Islamist allies of former president Omar al-Bashir were also released from prison.

Their release following the coup had come under criticism from opponents of military rule.

Burhan also dismissed the Public Prosecutor and seven prosecutors, while sources said that releasing these people came from the Prosecution without any official confirmation.

The government spokesman's office, still aligned with civilian authorities who were removed last week, said in a statement that the releases of the Bashir-era figures "represent a setback against the state of institutions and the rule of law."

"This step makes clear the political cover for the coup and its real ideological orientation," the office said.

Military authorities did not respond to the request of the office of lawyer Ali Mahmoud Hassanein to interview detained civil leaders.

The US Embassy in Khartoum said it monitored a military raid on a resistance committee in the al-Shajara al-Hamdas neighborhood in Khartoum on October 31 resulted in an unknown number of arrests and injuries.

Movement in and around Khartoum has improved since October 30, said the statement, noting that the Embassy has received unverified reports that several bridges are open while others remain blocked by the military.

"Military checkpoints remain in place, and protesters continue to form their own roadblocks in and around Khartoum. The Embassy has received reports that the road connecting Egypt and Sudan has been blocked by protesters."

"The road to Port Sudan is reportedly no longer blocked by the Beja Tribal Council, but it is not yet confirmed that the route is accessible," it reported.



UN Secretary-general Decries 'Continued Violations' of Gaza Ceasefire

 UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres addresses the audience during a press conference, part of the 16th United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ministerial conference, in Geneva on October 22, 2025. (AFP)
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres addresses the audience during a press conference, part of the 16th United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ministerial conference, in Geneva on October 22, 2025. (AFP)
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UN Secretary-general Decries 'Continued Violations' of Gaza Ceasefire

 UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres addresses the audience during a press conference, part of the 16th United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ministerial conference, in Geneva on October 22, 2025. (AFP)
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres addresses the audience during a press conference, part of the 16th United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ministerial conference, in Geneva on October 22, 2025. (AFP)

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Tuesday warned against violations of the ceasefire in Gaza that halted two years of devastating war in the Palestinian territory, said AFP.

Addressing reporters on the sidelines of the Second World Summit for Social Development in Doha, Guterres said he was "deeply concerned about the continued violations of the ceasefire in Gaza. They must stop and all parties must abide by the decisions of the first phase of the peace agreement."


Israel Uses Gas Deal as Leverage to Curb Egyptian Military Presence in Sinai

A view of Egyptian-Israeli border. (Reuters)
A view of Egyptian-Israeli border. (Reuters)
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Israel Uses Gas Deal as Leverage to Curb Egyptian Military Presence in Sinai

A view of Egyptian-Israeli border. (Reuters)
A view of Egyptian-Israeli border. (Reuters)

Israel is reportedly using its pending natural gas agreement with Egypt as a political pressure card to restrict the Egyptian military’s deployment in the Sinai Peninsula. The move comes amid escalating tensions between the two neighbors following the war in Gaza, which has complicated border security arrangements.

According to the Israeli daily Israel Hayom, Energy Minister Eli Cohen has been withholding final approval of a major gas export deal with Egypt “despite strong pressure from the administration of US President Donald Trump.”

The paper cited what it described as “alleged Egyptian violations of the peace treaty provisions concerning troop deployment in Sinai,” in addition to “concerns over rising gas prices for Israeli consumers.”

Days earlier, citing unnamed officials, Israeli media including Yedioth Ahronoth reported that US Energy Secretary Chris Wright canceled a planned visit to Israel after the Israeli government refused to endorse the large-scale gas export agreement with Cairo.

In a statement coinciding with reports, Cohen’s office said that “outstanding issues related to local pricing and national interests” remained unresolved, stressing that Israel “will not proceed until fair pricing for the domestic market and full energy security are guaranteed.”

Israel Hayom later quoted Cohen as saying: “Israel’s top priority remains protecting its security and economic interests.”

Tel Aviv continues to delay the final approval of gas exports from the Leviathan field to Egypt “until a clear settlement is reached regarding the presence of Egyptian forces in Sinai,” it added.

Egyptian military analyst and professor at the Military Academy for Advanced Studies, Major General Nasr Salem, dismissed Israel’s claims as “baseless,” saying: “Israel benefits far more from the gas agreement, since it lacks liquefaction facilities to export its gas to Europe. Without Egypt, Israel cannot market its production.”

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat, Salem emphasized: “Egypt has not violated any terms of the peace treaty, otherwise the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) would have reported it.”

Military deployments in Sinai are “subject to coordination between Egyptian and Israeli security agencies,” he explained, adding: “Egypt will not be swayed by these false accusations or any Israeli pressure over troop presence or gas arrangements.”

In August, NewMed Energy, a partner in Israel’s Leviathan field, announced an amendment to the gas supply contract with Egypt, extending it to 2040 and raising its total value to $35 billion.

However, by early September, amid the Gaza conflict, Israeli media suggested that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had ordered a review of Egypt’s “full compliance” with the peace treaty before granting final approval.

Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs member and Israel affairs expert Ahmed Fouad Anwar described Israel’s stance as “a sign of weakness,” noting that the treaty’s security annex has already been amended twice to allow additional Egyptian forces in Sinai.

“Israel itself violates the peace arrangements, particularly in Zone D along the Philadelphi (Salah al-Din) Corridor,” he added.

In that area - designated a demilitarized buffer zone under the 1979 peace treaty - Israeli forces recently re-entered during the Gaza war.

Egyptian MP Mostafa Bakry accused Israel on X of occupying the corridor’s 14-kilometer stretch along Egypt’s border with Gaza “in violation of the 2005 security protocol.”


Panel of Experts Confirm Growing Houthi Threats in Yemen and Across Region

Houthis continue to exploit the conflict in Gaza and their proclaimed solidarity with the Palestinians to justify their attacks on foreign ships (AFP) 
Houthis continue to exploit the conflict in Gaza and their proclaimed solidarity with the Palestinians to justify their attacks on foreign ships (AFP) 
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Panel of Experts Confirm Growing Houthi Threats in Yemen and Across Region

Houthis continue to exploit the conflict in Gaza and their proclaimed solidarity with the Palestinians to justify their attacks on foreign ships (AFP) 
Houthis continue to exploit the conflict in Gaza and their proclaimed solidarity with the Palestinians to justify their attacks on foreign ships (AFP) 

The situation in Yemen remains a protracted crisis characterized by political and military complexity, a stalled peace process, and severe humanitarian deterioration, leaving two-thirds of the population in need of assistance, according to a final report presented by the Panel of Experts on Yemen to the Security Council.

The report noted that despite the issuance of several UN resolutions, particularly Resolution 2216 (2015), the implementation of the financial sanctions against Houthis has been limited.

It said asset freezes and travel bans have a limited or constrained effect on the militia group, which actively and successfully circumvents restrictions through sophisticated networks of intermediaries and front companies in the region.

Therefore, the Panel called for the strengthening of the United Nations Verification and Inspection Mechanism (UNVIM), which inspects ships travelling to Houthi-controlled ports to promote compliance with the arms embargo on the group.

Also, it said, the Houthis continue to pose a significant threat to peace, security and stability in Yemen and across the region.

Their deadly attacks against vessels in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden undermined maritime security and the freedom of international trade.

The Panel said the Houthis continue to exploit the conflict in Gaza and their proclaimed solidarity with the Palestinians to justify their attacks on foreign ships as part of “the axis of resistance.

It warned that in the absence of a decisive deterrence, “grave consequences threaten regional stability and international navigation.” The Panel called on the Security Council to take stronger action, and support diplomatic efforts to revive the comprehensive Yemeni dialogue under the auspices of the United Nations.

Maritime Attacks

The Houthis have conducted at least 25 verified attacks against commercial vessels in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, using missiles, drones and rocket-propelled grenades with increasing frequency and sophistication, the Panel said in its report. The attacks were carried out between 1 August 2024 and 31 July 2025.

It said the sinking of two vessels, the killing of seafarers and the environmental hazards caused were major concerns.

The report noted that the United States and Israel carried out military operations against Houthi positions in Sana'a, Hodeidah, and Saada, targeting weapons storage facilities and missile launchers.

However, according to the report, the militia group “maintained a high operational capability” and continues to develop its military arsenal with funding and logistical support from regional parties, in a reference to Iran.

Foreign Support and Economy of War

The Panel said analysis of Houthi smuggling trends revealed continued violation of the arms embargo, including through concealment or misdeclarations.

Detections have increased owing to the diversion of vessels to Aden port after air strikes affected the infrastructure and capacity of Hodeidah port.

It said the June 2025 seizure of 750 tons of illicit materiel and weapons by the government proves that violations of the arms embargo continue to occur.

The seizure included several advanced cruise, anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles that displayed characteristics similar to those of weapons produced in Iran, such as the Ghadir anti-ship cruise missile, Shahed uncrewed aerial vehicle, AM-50 Sayyad anti-materiel rifle and the Misagh series man-portable air defense system.

The Panel noted that the knowledge and ability to manufacture weapons systems domestically remains in place, making it challenging to eliminate the Houthis’ capabilities.

In addition, the availability of financial resources plays a major role in maintaining supply lines and manufacturing capabilities, taking into account the Panel’s assessment that the asset freeze has had limited effect.

According to the Panel, the main source of revenue for the Houthis are taxes, including on the income of both individuals and companies, real estate, a sales tax on fuel and cigarettes and on all imports.

Those taxes are in addition to customs duties. The Houthis, as the de facto authority, collect a major share of surplus profits from all sectors, mainly from the financial and banking sector.

Widespread Violations

The Panel showed that widespread and systematic violations of international humanitarian and human rights law continue in Yemen, including indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian objects, arbitrary killings and detentions, conflict-related sexual violence, child recruitment and obstruction of humanitarian assistance.

The Houthis also continued to detain personnel of the United Nations, national and international NGOs, civil society organizations and diplomatic missions.

In addition, the Houthis used a range of repressive measures and heightened surveillance of people to prevent any opposition.

The Houthi practices therefore aim to establish a closed society with absolute loyalty to the group's leadership.

Coordination with Other Armed Groups

The Panel said it continued its investigations into the evolving relationship between the Houthis and Somali Harakat Al-Shabaab.

“That cooperation involves weapons smuggling, technical training, including in relation to operational tactics, and exchange of logistical support,” it wrote.

The Panel then proved the ability of the Houthis to conduct intricate operations inside and outside Yemen and establish a web of relations with armed groups in other countries.

It then noted that the strengthening of ties between the Houthis and Al-Shabaab could pose a growing threat to peace, security and stability not only in Yemen, but in the region as a whole.