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Saudi Revenues Jump 50% in 1st Half of 2022, with $36 Bn Surplus

The actual Saudi budget recorded a 49 percent growth in its performance for the half of 2022. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The actual Saudi budget recorded a 49 percent growth in its performance for the half of 2022. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Saudi Revenues Jump 50% in 1st Half of 2022, with $36 Bn Surplus

The actual Saudi budget recorded a 49 percent growth in its performance for the half of 2022. (Asharq Al-Awsat)
The actual Saudi budget recorded a 49 percent growth in its performance for the half of 2022. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

In a performance that exceeded the targeted budget surplus for 2022, the Saudi Ministry of Finance disclosed on Thursday a record increase in revenues during the first half of this year, driven by a surge in oil prices and the fast growth of the non-oil sector.

Experts told Asharq Al-Awsat that energy prices and the non-oil sector were able to support Saudi Arabia’s general budget, thanks to the Kingdom’s diversification of revenue sources and the financial reforms it has been leading for years.

The recent figures confirm the strength of the Saudi economy, which has seen a remarkable growth, despite the recent successive crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war, according to the experts.

The budget performance during the second quarter of 2022 witnessed revenues exceeding 370.3 billion riyals (USD98.7 billion) and expenditures amounting to 292.4 billion riyals (USD77.9 billion), with the budget recoding a surplus of more than 77.9 billion riyals (USD20.7 billion).

As for the actual performance of the Saudi budget for the half-year, the revenues recorded a surplus of 135.3 billion riyals (USD36 billion), with the volume of realized revenues reaching 648.3 billion riyals (USD172.8 billion), compared to expenses that exceeded 512.9 billion riyals (USD136.7 billion).

Oil revenues during the first half of 2022 amounted to 434 billion riyals (USD115 billion), registering an increase of 75 percent compared to the same period last year.

Non-oil revenues in the first half of this year amounted to 214.2 billion riyals (USD57.1 billion), compared to 204 billion riyals (USD54.4 billion) in the same period last year, recording an increase of 5 percent.

The mid-term budget, which was announced on Thursday, bore a very positive indicator about the performance of public finances in Saudi Arabia. The surpluses achieved during the first six months of 2022, which amounted to USD36 billion, exceeded all previous government estimates.

In this regard, Dr. Abdullah bin Rabeean, academic and economic advisor to Asharq Al-Awsat, said that the excellent performance of the Saudi general budget during the second quarter and the first half of 2022 was the result of the measures taken to reduce financial squandering.

He added that these figures came at a time when the global economy was undergoing multiple crises that impede growth.

The economic advisor further stressed that non-oil revenues saw a good increase of 5%, which confirms the Kingdom’s success in achieving economic reforms and diversifying the sources of income, in line with Vision 2030.

For his part, Economic Expert Ahmed Al-Shehri told Asharq Al-Awsat that the high budget surplus has emphasized the success of the financial reforms undertaken by the Saudi government, at a time when most countries were suffering from economic stagnation.

The government was able to achieve growth in its revenues, while it increased its actual expenditures by 10 percent during the first half of 2022, in order to implement its mega projects within the plans and programs of its Vision 2030, he added.

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Business

Hong Kong Expects 3.2% Growth this Year, Seeks to Maintain Momentum

FILE PHOTO: Tourists relax on the waterfront in front of Victoria Harbour, with the iconic skyline buildings as a backdrop, in Hong Kong, China June 28, 2023. REUTERS/Tyrone Siu/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Tourists relax on the waterfront in front of Victoria Harbour, with the iconic skyline buildings as a backdrop, in Hong Kong, China June 28, 2023. REUTERS/Tyrone Siu/File Photo
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Hong Kong Expects 3.2% Growth this Year, Seeks to Maintain Momentum

FILE PHOTO: Tourists relax on the waterfront in front of Victoria Harbour, with the iconic skyline buildings as a backdrop, in Hong Kong, China June 28, 2023. REUTERS/Tyrone Siu/File Photo
FILE PHOTO: Tourists relax on the waterfront in front of Victoria Harbour, with the iconic skyline buildings as a backdrop, in Hong Kong, China June 28, 2023. REUTERS/Tyrone Siu/File Photo

Hong Kong Financial Secretary Paul Chan raised his 2025 economic growth forecast to 3.2% on Sunday, saying the city would bolster its role as a financial center, innovation hub and trade center to maintain the momentum.

In February, Chan had forecast growth of between 2% and 3%.

Hong Kong, the world's biggest venue for initial public offerings this year, will lure more listings from companies in areas such as Southeast Asia and the Middle East and will actively promote internationalization ⁠of China's yuan currency, Chan said in a blog post.

The city will also focus on developing artificial intelligence and biotech to lead the global race in technology and will strengthen its role as a trade hub by helping more Chinese companies expand overseas, Reuters quoted him as saying.

"Looking into ⁠next year, Hong Kong's economy is expected to keep the good trend of growth," Chan said. "Finance, tech innovation and trade will be Hong Kong's key engines of growth as the city actively embraces China's development strategy."

Hong Kong has one of the world's best-performing stock markets this year, with the Hang Seng Index up 30%.

Resilient exports, brisk fixed-asset investment and recovering consumption have helped Hong Kong's growth beat forecast, Chan said.

To ⁠bolster its status as a financial center, Hong Kong will strengthen the competitiveness of its stock market and develop areas including bonds, money market, fintech, commodities and gold trading, he said.

In terms of innovation, Hong Kong will develop AI into a "core industry,” as the technology will define economies' competitiveness and reshape the global economic landscape, he said.

The city is also establishing a center for cross-border supply chain management and trade finance, to better help Chinese companies expand offshore, Chan said.

Business

China Passes Revised Foreign Trade Law to Bolster Trade War Capabilities

Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
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China Passes Revised Foreign Trade Law to Bolster Trade War Capabilities

Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)
Containers are seen at the port in Shanghai, China, Oct. 13, 2025. (AFP)

China on Saturday passed revisions to a key piece of legislation aimed at strengthening Beijing's ability to wage trade war, curb outbound shipments from strategic minerals, and further open its $19 trillion economy.

The latest revision to the Foreign Trade Law, approved by China's top legislative body, will take effect on March 1, 2026, state news agency Xinhua reported on Saturday.

The world's second-largest economy is overhauling its trade-related legal frameworks partly to convince members of a major trans-Pacific trade bloc created to counter China's growing influence that the manufacturing powerhouse ‌deserves a seat at ‌the table, as Beijing seeks to reduce ‌its ⁠reliance on the US.

Adopted ‌in 1994 and revised three times since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, most recently in 2022, the Foreign Trade Law empowers policymakers to hit back against trading partners that seek to curb its exports and to adopt mechanisms such as "negative lists" to open restricted sectors to foreign firms.

The revision also adds a provision that foreign trade should "serve national economic and social development" and help build China ⁠into a "strong trading nation", Xinhua said.

It further "expands and improves" the legal toolkit for countering external challenges, according ‌to the report.

The revision focuses on areas such ‍as digital and green trade, along ‍with intellectual property provisions, key improvements China needs to make to meet the ‍standards of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, rather than the trade defense tools the 2020 revamp honed in on following four years of tariff war with the first Trump administration.

Beijing is also sharpening the wording of its powers in anticipation of potential lawsuits from private firms, which are becoming increasingly prominent in China, according to trade diplomats.

"Ministries have become more concerned about private sector criticism," ⁠said one Western trade diplomat with decades' of experience working with China. "China is a rule-of-law country, so the government can stop a company's shipment, but it needs a reason."

"It's not totally lawless here. Better to have everything written out in black and white," they added, requesting anonymity, as they were not authorized to speak with media.

China's private exporting firms attracted global attention in November after the French government moved to suspend the Chinese e-commerce platform Shein.

The Chinese government increasingly could also find itself at odds with private enterprise when seeking to carry out sweeping bans, ‌such as Beijing's prohibition of all Japanese seafood imports, as Asia's top two economies continue to feud over Taiwan, trade diplomats say.

Business

Lebanese Cabinet Approves Draft Law on Financial Crisis Losses

A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
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Lebanese Cabinet Approves Draft Law on Financial Crisis Losses

A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)
A photograph released by the Lebanese Government Press Office on December 26, 2025, show Prime Minister Nawaf Salam speaking during a press conference after a cabinet session in Beirut on December 26, 2025. (Photo by Handout / Lebanese Government Press Office / AFP)

Lebanon's government on Friday approved a draft law to distribute financial losses from the 2019 economic crisis that deprived many Lebanese of their deposits despite strong opposition to the legislation from political parties, depositors and banking officials.

The draft law will be submitted to the country's divided parliament for approval before it can become effective.

The legislation, known as the "financial gap" law, is part of a series of reform measures required by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to access funding from the lender.

The cabinet passed the draft bill with 13 ministers in favor and nine against. It stipulates that each of the state, the central bank, commercial banks and depositors will share the losses accrued as a result of the financial crisis.

Prime Minister Nawaf Salam defended the bill, saying it "is not ideal... and may not meet everyone's aspirations" but is "a realistic and fair step on the path to restoring rights, stopping the collapse... and healing the banking sector.”

According to government estimates, the losses resulting from the financial crisis amounted to about $70 billion, a figure that is expected to have increased over the six years that the crisis was left unaddressed.

Depositors who have less than $100,000 in the banks, and who constitute 85 percent of total accounts, will be able to recover them in full over a period of four years, Salam said.

Larger depositors will be able to obtain $100,000 while the remaining part of their funds will be compensated through tradable bonds, which will be backed by the assets of the central bank.

The central bank's portfolio includes approximately $50 billion, according to Salam.

The premier told journalists that the bill includes "accountability and oversight for the first time.”

"Everyone who transferred their money before the financial collapse in 2019 by exploiting their position or influence... and everyone who benefited from excessive profits or bonuses will be held accountable and required to pay compensation of up to 30 percent of these amounts," he said.

Responding to objections from banking officials, who claim components of the bill place a major burden on the banks, Salam said the law "also aims to revive the banking sector by assessing bank assets and recapitalizing them.”

The IMF, which closely monitored the drafting of the bill, previously insisted on the need to "restore the viability of the banking sector consistent with international standards" and protect small depositors.

Parliament passed a banking secrecy reform law in April, followed by a banking sector restructuring law in June, one of several key pieces of legislation aimed at reforming the financial system.

However, observers believe it is unlikely that parliament will pass the current bill before the next legislative elections in May.

Financial reforms in Lebanon have been repeatedly derailed by political and private interests over the last six years, but Salam and Lebanese President Joseph Aoun have pledged to prioritize them.