Pyramids, Tutankhamun masks, Nefertiti busts -- Egypt's souvenir-makers are pinning their hopes on a new lease of economic life, after tourism was battered by the coronavirus pandemic.
In the shadow of the magnificent Giza Pyramids, Eid Yousri manufactures polyester Pharaonic figurines from a humble workshop erected on the roof of his family home.
"We've lost nearly 70 percent of our business," he told AFP, lamenting the plunge in visitors to one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Before the pandemic, "we had about 15 workers -- compared to five today," he said, noting that even the remaining staff were not full-time.
He sells his products from as little as 20 Egyptian pounds (about $1.30, or one euro) to 200 pounds.
Hundreds of small business owners and artisans have been forced to mothball much of their activity, choked by cancelled flights and movement restrictions around the world.
Yousri hopes that foreign tourists are lured back to Egypt in the latter part of the year, "especially Americans", with some groups from the US expected in September.
In 2019, the last full year before the pandemic struck, tourism made up about 12 percent of Egypt's GDP.
After a long period of political instability dented earnings, revenues from the sector reached $13 billion that year.
But in 2020, a year when Egypt had initially eyed a further rebound to $16 billion, takings collapsed to $4 billion.
In a recent interview with AFP, Tourism Minister Khaled El-Enani welcomed a partial recovery in visitor numbers.
Around 500,000 have flown in monthly since April this year, more than double the number in January and up from an average of just 200,000 tourists per month in 2020.
On the other side of town, in the narrow and labyrinthine alleys of Khan el-Khalili in Islamic Cairo, tourist Caroline Bucher is on the hunt for "locally made" products to bring back home to her native Dominican Republic.
"We're looking for hand made and quality souvenirs, that are about local culture," she told AFP. "It has to be a memory of the trip."
In a souvenir market that was for many years flooded by cheap Chinese imports, the government is seeking to meet demand for quality products sought out by tourists like Bucher.
On the eastern outskirts of Cairo, a new antique reproduction factory has since March been preparing to capitalize on the much hoped for post-pandemic era.
The factory, named Konouz (treasures in Arabic), produces furniture, statuettes and paintings that retrace four major periods of Egyptian heritage: Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, Coptic and Islamic.
Reproductions, in 1:1 scale or miniaturized, are accompanied by an official government-issued certificate of authenticity.
The vast 10,000 square metre (approximately 107,650 square foot) factory is run by Hisham Sharawi, a retired general, who supervises around 150 workers, painters, cabinetmakers, sculptors and designers.
"We opened a gift shop at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization" in April, he told AFP.
Other Konouz gift shops will open at museums and key archaeological sites later on.
"When tourists come back, we will be ready," pledged Ahmed Aboul Gheir, who is also working on the 'Made in Egypt' initiative.
Government-driven investment under the scheme totals 80 million Egyptian pounds and focuses on quality production.
In 2015, the ministry of industry prohibited "the imports of goods and products of a popular art nature", including "models of Egyptian Antiquities" as a protective measure to safeguard its home-grown crafts industry from cheaper foreign competition.
Most of the factory's replica objects are cast in polyester, plaster or metal. Specialized machines give a "final touch" to the replicas before they are painted by hand or covered with gold leaf.
But the cheaper items created under the initiative also risk crowding out local craftsmen who are unable to produce in such high volumes.
Items at Konouz range from a small amulet selling for 50 Egyptian pounds to a three-meter statue setting back customers thousands of pounds.
Tourism expert Elhamy al-Zayat calls the government initiative a "smart marketing exercise".
But he warned against flooding the replica goods market.
"You mustn't produce too much, otherwise it loses value," he noted.
