Meetings in Washington Pave Way for Establishment of Strategic Iraqi-US Ties

This handout photo released by the Iraqi prime minister's press office shows premier Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) overseeing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between Iraq's Electricity Authority and the the US General Electric company in Baghdad on February 16, 2023. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Press Office / AFP)
This handout photo released by the Iraqi prime minister's press office shows premier Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) overseeing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between Iraq's Electricity Authority and the the US General Electric company in Baghdad on February 16, 2023. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Press Office / AFP)
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Meetings in Washington Pave Way for Establishment of Strategic Iraqi-US Ties

This handout photo released by the Iraqi prime minister's press office shows premier Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) overseeing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between Iraq's Electricity Authority and the the US General Electric company in Baghdad on February 16, 2023. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Press Office / AFP)
This handout photo released by the Iraqi prime minister's press office shows premier Mohammed Shia al-Sudani (C) overseeing the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between Iraq's Electricity Authority and the the US General Electric company in Baghdad on February 16, 2023. (Iraqi Prime Minister's Press Office / AFP)

Iraq and the United States concluded on Wednesday week-long negotiations in Washington that tackled the future of relations between their countries in line with their 2008 Strategic Framework Agreement (SFA).

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein and Secretary of State Antony Blinken co-chaired a Higher Coordinating Committee (HCC), in accordance with the SFA for a Relationship of Friendship and Cooperation between the US and Iraq, said a State Department statement.

“The delegations reaffirmed their determination to deepen the strategic relationship across the full range of bilateral issues, for the sake of their respective national interests and their shared interest in regional stability,” it continued.

This meeting marked the first time the HCC focused on economic cooperation, energy sector development, and climate change – a sign of a maturing strategic partnership under the SFA, it added.

The Iraqi delegation included high-level representatives from the Council of Representatives, the Central Bank, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Oil, the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Electricity, the Office of the Prime Minister, the Climate Envoy, and the Kurdistan Regional Government.

In addition to the Secretary of State, the US delegation included National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, USAID Administrator Samantha Power, Special Presidential Envoy for Climate Change John Kerry, Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo, Special Presidential Coordinator for Global Energy and Infrastructure Amos Hochstein, Coordinator for Global Anti-Corruption Richard Nephew, and National Security Council Middle East Coordinator Brett McGurk, as well as senior officials from the Departments of State, Treasury, Energy, and Commerce.

“The two sides discussed challenges facing Iraq’s economy, including the parallel currency exchange markets,” continued the statement.

“The United States welcomed the Iraqi government’s efforts to enact economic and monetary-policy reforms, modernize the financial and banking system, combat corruption, and prevent manipulation of the financial system – actions that can help boost Iraq’s economic prospects, including strengthening financial and currency markets,” it said.

“The US delegation reiterated support for Iraq’s ongoing efforts to build technical capacity and implement international standards to protect the banking system from financial crimes, money laundering, and terrorist financing.”

“The two sides resolved to continue working together to modernize Iraq’s financial system for the betterment of the Iraqi people,” stressed the statement.

“The US and Iraqi delegations shared the view that pursuing an ambitious energy-independence agenda is necessary to maximize Iraq’s economic prosperity and safeguard its sovereignty. The two delegations acknowledged that Iraq has a historic opportunity to invest in energy infrastructure initiatives designed to improve electricity services for the Iraqi people, secure Iraq’s energy self-sufficiency, and mitigate environmental damage to both the global climate and Iraqi public health,” it noted.

“To this end, the two sides resolved to accelerate efforts to capture flared gas, upgrade natural gas distribution infrastructure and reduce methane leakage, regionally interconnect Iraq’s electricity grid, modernize Iraq’s electricity infrastructure, and explore renewable energy opportunities.”

“The US delegation lauded Iraq’s commitment to regional electricity interconnection projects with Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority,” it added.

Head of the Center for Political Thinking in Iraq Dr. Ihssan Shmary told Asharq Al-Awsat that the joint Iraqi-US statement “draws the roadmap” of relations between the two countries, notably with a Baghdad government that was formed by the pro-Iran Coordination Framework.

The meetings in Washington will “test the intentions” of officials when it comes to translating the statements into action, he remarked.

Previous governments failed to “revive” or “invest” in the strategic framework agreement, significantly because of the balance of power in Iraq and Iran’s “veto” when it comes to developing relations between Baghdad and Washington, he explained.

“It now appears as though we are facing a new phase that will test Iraq and its political class when it comes to relations with Washington, especially among the Coordination Framework,” Shmary noted.

It is now up to the PM to decide whether he would forge ahead with the SFA, the Coordination Framework to decide whether it will view the US as an enemy or partner, and Iran to decide whether it will allow this relationship to grow, he stressed.

Meanwhile, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani oversaw in Washington on Thursday the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Electricity and General Electric.

The agreement falls in line with the “framework of the government program that aims to develop the electricity sector in Iraq,” said a statement from Sudani’s office.

The MoU covers developing the electrical production and increasing the efficiency of the electrical grid, as well as transportation, maintenance, staff training, and reducing carbon emissions to support the energy transition in Iraq.

The government is serious in supporting the energy file and providing full support to the electricity ministry in order to raise production and resolve the electricity crisis to ease the suffering of the people, Sudani was quoted as saying.



US Asks Iraq to Shut Most Iran Border Crossings, Iraqi Foreign Minister Says

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein speaks as he attends a joint press conference with Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad (not pictured), in Baghdad, Iraq June 4, 2023. (Reuters)
Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein speaks as he attends a joint press conference with Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad (not pictured), in Baghdad, Iraq June 4, 2023. (Reuters)
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US Asks Iraq to Shut Most Iran Border Crossings, Iraqi Foreign Minister Says

Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein speaks as he attends a joint press conference with Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad (not pictured), in Baghdad, Iraq June 4, 2023. (Reuters)
Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein speaks as he attends a joint press conference with Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad (not pictured), in Baghdad, Iraq June 4, 2023. (Reuters)

The US Treasury has asked Iraq to close all border crossings with Iran except for two as part of Washington's policy of ‌increasing economic ‌pressure on Tehran, Iraqi ‌Foreign ⁠Minister Fuad Hussein ⁠said in an interview with Al Jazeera.

One of the exceptions is in the Kurdistan region.

"There ⁠are many official ‌and ‌unofficial border crossings with Iran, ‌and closing all ‌of them would be difficult and would affect our economy. The Americans ‌are still demanding the closure of the crossings, ⁠and ⁠we are currently in discussions with them," Hussein said.

Last month, Iraq closed the busy Sheeb border crossing with Iran to review security and install detection equipment to stop smuggling.


Yemen Army Makes New Gains on Battlefronts

A Yemeni soldier in battle in Taiz. (AFP)
A Yemeni soldier in battle in Taiz. (AFP)
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Yemen Army Makes New Gains on Battlefronts

A Yemeni soldier in battle in Taiz. (AFP)
A Yemeni soldier in battle in Taiz. (AFP)

The Yemeni arena has witnessed a coordinated military escalation across multiple fronts over the past few hours, stretching from the southwestern governorates of Lahj and Taiz to Marib and Al-Jawf in the north.

The flare-up coincided with a wave of Houthi missile and drone strikes targeting Saudi Arabia, including the capital, Riyadh, alongside the Eastern and Southern Regions, as ongoing Yemeni government military operations point toward a broadening confrontation.

Yemeni military sources said that the air force executed a precision airstrike targeting a meeting of prominent Houthi field commanders in the Al-Maqatirah district of northern Lahj. The strike was launched after intelligence assets tracked the commanders' movements and pinpointed the meeting location.

The final toll of human casualties resulting from the strike, as well as the identities of the commanders present at the targeted site, remain unclear.

The strike took place amidst escalating military operations across the Lahj fronts, particularly in areas intersecting the Al-Maqatirah, Al-Mudharabah, and Tur Al-Baha districts.

Over recent days, these zones have witnessed intense clashes and retaliatory attacks, driven by Houthi attempts to advance toward strategic positions and supply routes linking the Lahj and Taiz governorates.

Government forces had previously announced the recapture of strategic positions on the Al-Mudharabah front following fierce clashes with the Houthis. The fighting involved intensive attacks launched by members of the militia against military sites before government forces managed to repel them and force the attackers to retreat.

On Saturday, the Yemeni army carried out 875 military operations against the Houthis, encompassing artillery strikes, ambushes, and targeted attacks on positions, gatherings, and reinforcements.

The campaign resulted in the neutralization of 130 Houthi members and the destruction or damage of some 50 military vehicles and equipment, including rocket launchers.

The attacks were executed across multiple fronts, focusing on the group's positions, reinforcements, and combat capabilities with the participation of ground units supported by air and artillery assets.

Meanwhile, government forces continued their maneuvers in Al-Jawf and other areas as part of ongoing confrontations to recapture military sites and secure liberated zones.

The escalation extended to the Marib fronts, where government forces announced the downing of a Houthi reconnaissance drone, coinciding with the thwarting of simultaneous ground attacks launched by the group against military positions in the Taiz and Lahj governorates.

Yemeni army artillery targeted Houthi military vehicles and barracks on the northern front of Marib following the downing of a drone on the Mas front. Military sources stated the operations are intended to curb the group's surveillance, reconnaissance, and troop-monitoring capabilities.


Al-Zaidi Intensifies Confrontation with Armed Factions

Iraqi PM Ali Al-Zaidi in Sadr City on Saturday. (INA)
Iraqi PM Ali Al-Zaidi in Sadr City on Saturday. (INA)
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Al-Zaidi Intensifies Confrontation with Armed Factions

Iraqi PM Ali Al-Zaidi in Sadr City on Saturday. (INA)
Iraqi PM Ali Al-Zaidi in Sadr City on Saturday. (INA)

The Iraqi Kataib Hezbollah, one of the armed factions that still refuses to disarm, responded to Prime Minister Ali Al-Zaidi's announcement regarding its possession of investments worth billions of dinars and millions of dollars.

The premier has launched what political observers in Baghdad view as an "open battle" against the armed factions, vowing that he "will not let them remain."

Over recent days, Al-Zaidi canceled multi-million dollar contracts across various locations, ranging from Baghdad Airport and the Ministry of Transport to Mosul Airport. Websites close to the government circulated the names of the armed factions that had control of those contracts.

Al-Zaidi dismissed statements issued against him and his associates, including his own brother, by Kataib Hezbollah, choosing Sadr City in eastern Baghdad to assert his firm stance.

Visiting the popular district late Saturday night, he met directly with citizens at a local restaurant and delivered a clear message to armed factions, signaling the start of an open and uncompromising confrontation.

In his most critical message directed at the factions, he declared: "I will absolutely not let weapon holders remain," adding, "If others allowed them to remain, it was because they were benefiting from them."

Al-Zaidi's response to the armed factions came a day after accusations were leveled against his brother by Kataib Hezbollah, which said in a statement: "We address our remarks directly and explicitly to Hassan Al-Zaidi, the media and security official in the Prime Minister's office. All your allegations regarding investments, companies, and the like - whether accurate or completely fabricated slanders - we consider entirely, along with all their dependencies, a 'gift' to you from the Brigades, to be added to your assets."

On Saturday, Al-Zaidi directed the cancellation of contracts for three companies at Mosul Airport due to their links to armed groups, ordering their referral to international firms.

It has become clear that the initiative to restrict weapons to state control is facing growing setbacks, following announcements by armed factions such as Kataib Hezbollah, Al-Nujaba, and Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada of their refusal to surrender their arms.

This contrasts with other factions, most notably Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kataib Imam Ali, which complied and secured ministries, agencies, and embassies in exchange for their stance.

The current truce remains tied to the potential military confrontation between the US and Iran, amid leaks that the Americans delivered a warning to Al-Zaidi regarding potential strikes on those factions should they move against neighboring countries or US bases in the region.

Meanwhile, political forces, particularly certain factions represented by the Coordination Framework, have kicked off efforts to prevent the confrontation between the government and the factions from widening because it has started to impact upon "one of the most critical areas that everyone was keen to avoid over the past years: economic committees and investments," said a well-informed Iraqi politician and lawmaker close to both sides.

Speaking on condition of anonymity to Asharq Al-Awsat, the Iraqi lawmaker and politician noted that "certain forces within the Coordination Framework, during talks between some of its factions and the armed groups, have begun leaning toward the factions' refusal to disarm under Al-Zaidi's vision.”

“This shift follows Al-Zaidi's understandings with the US and President Donald Trump, whom he met twice - first during a visit to Washington last July, and second in New York during the UN General Assembly meetings last September - as it became clear to some Framework leaders that the Al-Zaidi-Trump agreement might not stop at the weapon, but could extend to other factions within the Shiite political structure,” he added.