Peru’s FM: Negotiations Underway with Saudi Arabia to Sign Bilateral Agreements by Year-End

Peru’s Foreign Minister, Elmer Schialer Salcedo (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Peru’s Foreign Minister, Elmer Schialer Salcedo (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Peru’s FM: Negotiations Underway with Saudi Arabia to Sign Bilateral Agreements by Year-End

Peru’s Foreign Minister, Elmer Schialer Salcedo (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Peru’s Foreign Minister, Elmer Schialer Salcedo (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Peru’s Foreign Minister, Elmer Schialer Salcedo, revealed during his official visit to Riyadh that negotiations are progressing with Saudi Arabia to conclude several bilateral agreements before the end of 2025.

The agreements include among others a general cooperation accord and a civil aviation agreement.

In an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, Salcedo noted that his visit is part of a broader Gulf tour aimed at paving the way for a multilateral agreement with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The Peruvian foreign minister emphasized that while relations between Peru and Saudi Arabia are strong on political, diplomatic, cultural, and tourism fronts, there is significant untapped potential in the commercial and economic realms. He expressed his intent to further deepen these ties by encouraging investment and trade between the public and private sectors of both countries.

The year 2026 will mark the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Peru and Saudi Arabia, a milestone the Peruvian minister said would underscore the importance of reinforcing the partnership.

Peru and Saudi Arabia maintain close coordination in political and diplomatic matters, as well as bilateral business, tourism, and cultural engagement.

Salcedo told Asharq Al-Awsat that he hopes to expand this cooperation into energy, investment, mining, technology, and digital governance. He highlighted sectors such as oil, gas, renewable energy, telecommunications, and water desalination as areas with strong investment potential. He also reaffirmed Peru’s commitment to providing equal treatment to foreign investors, a message aimed at encouraging greater Saudi involvement in the Peruvian economy.

On the private sector level, Salcedo stressed the need for direct links between Peruvian and Saudi businesses, noting that many Peruvian products currently reach the Saudi market through third countries. Eliminating intermediaries would reduce costs and create more competitive opportunities for producers and consumers in both countries.

The minister also commended Saudi Arabia’s recent reforms to its investment laws, particularly the provisions allowing full foreign ownership, and said they present important opportunities for Peruvian businesses.

Highlighting growing economic ties, Salcedo pointed to Saudi Aramco’s recent expansion into South America.

In March 2025, Aramco acquired Primax, a major fuel distributor operating in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador, in a deal valued at $3.5 billion.

He also noted Aramco’s increased indirect stake of 17.2% in the Peru LNG project, further integrating the company into South America’s liquefied natural gas market.

Salcedo pointed to the strategic role of Peru’s newly built Chancay Port, which he said would revolutionize logistics between South America and Asia. With automated facilities and a projected total investment of $3.6 billion across three phases, the port is expected to enhance Peru’s connectivity with Asian markets and improve regional trade efficiency.

Looking ahead, the official said Peru could contribute significantly to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals. He highlighted his country’s rich mineral resources, including copper, lithium, and rare earth elements, as key assets for Saudi investment.



IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
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IMF and Arab Monetary Fund Sign MoU to Enhance Cooperation

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA
The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki - SPA

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference on Emerging Market Economies (EME) to enhance cooperation between the two institutions.

The MoU was signed by IMF Managing Director Dr. Kristalina Georgieva and AMF Director General Dr. Fahad Alturki, SPA reported.

The agreement aims to strengthen coordination in economic and financial policy areas, including surveillance and lending activities, data and analytical exchange, capacity building, and the provision of technical assistance, in support of regional financial and economic stability.

Both sides affirmed that the MoU represents an important step toward deepening their strategic partnership and strengthening the regional financial safety net, serving member countries and enhancing their ability to address economic challenges.


Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
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Saudi Chambers Federation Announces First Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council

File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT
File photo of the Saudi flag/AAWSAT

The Federation of Saudi Chambers announced the formation of the first joint Saudi-Kuwaiti Business Council for its inaugural term (1447–1451 AH) and the election of Salman bin Hassan Al-Oqayel as its chairman.

Al-Oqayel said the council’s formation marks a pivotal milestone in economic relations between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, reflecting a practical approach to enabling the business sectors in both countries to capitalize on promising investment opportunities and strengthen bilateral trade and investment partnerships, SPA reported.

He noted that trade between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait reached approximately SAR9.5 billion by the end of November 2025, including SAR8 billion in Saudi exports and SAR1.5 billion in Kuwaiti imports.


Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
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Leading Harvard Trade Economist Says Saudi Arabia Holds Key to Success in Fragmented Global Economy

Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).
Professor Pol Antràs speaks during a panel discussion at the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies (Asharq Al-Awsat).

Harvard University economics professor Pol Antràs said Saudi Arabia represents an exceptional model in the shifting global trade landscape, differing fundamentally from traditional emerging-market frameworks. He also stressed that globalization has not ended but has instead re-formed into what he describes as fragmented integration.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the AlUla Conference for Emerging Market Economies, Antràs said Saudi Arabia’s Vision-driven structural reforms position the Kingdom to benefit from the ongoing phase of fragmented integration, adding that the country’s strategic focus on logistics transformation and artificial intelligence constitutes a key engine for sustainable growth that extends beyond the volatility of global crises.

Antràs, the Robert G. Ory Professor of Economics at Harvard University, is one of the leading contemporary theorists of international trade. His research, which reshaped understanding of global value chains, focuses on how firms organize cross-border production and how regulation and technological change influence global trade flows and corporate decision-making.

He said conventional classifications of economies often obscure important structural differences, noting that the term emerging markets groups together countries with widely divergent industrial bases. Economies that depend heavily on manufacturing exports rely critically on market access and trade integration and therefore face stronger competitive pressures from Chinese exports that are increasingly shifting toward alternative markets.

Saudi Arabia, by contrast, exports extensively while facing limited direct competition from China in its primary export commodity, a situation that creates a strategic opportunity. The current environment allows the Kingdom to obtain imports from China at lower cost and access a broader range of goods that previously flowed largely toward the United States market.

Addressing how emerging economies should respond to dumping pressures and rising competition, Antràs said countries should minimize protectionist tendencies and instead position themselves as committed participants in the multilateral trading system, allowing foreign producers to access domestic markets while encouraging domestic firms to expand internationally.

He noted that although Chinese dumping presents concerns for countries with manufacturing sectors that compete directly with Chinese production, the risk is lower for Saudi Arabia because it does not maintain a large manufacturing base that overlaps directly with Chinese exports. Lower-cost imports could benefit Saudi consumers, while targeted policy tools such as credit programs, subsidies, and support for firms seeking to redesign and upgrade business models represent more effective responses than broad protectionist measures.

Globalization has not ended

Antràs said globalization continues but through more complex structures, with trade agreements increasingly negotiated through diverse arrangements rather than relying primarily on multilateral negotiations. Trade deals will continue to be concluded, but they are likely to become more complex, with uncertainty remaining a defining feature of the global trading environment.

Interest rates and artificial intelligence

According to Antràs, high global interest rates, combined with the additional risk premiums faced by emerging markets, are constraining investment, particularly in sectors that require export financing, capital expenditure, and continuous quality upgrading.

However, he noted that elevated interest rates partly reflect expectations of stronger long-term growth driven by artificial intelligence and broader technological transformation.

He also said if those growth expectations materialize, productivity gains could enable small and medium-sized enterprises to forecast demand more accurately and identify previously untapped markets, partially offsetting the negative effects of higher borrowing costs.

Employment concerns and the role of government

The Harvard professor warned that labor markets face a dual challenge stemming from intensified Chinese export competition and accelerating job automation driven by artificial intelligence, developments that could lead to significant disruptions, particularly among younger workers. He said governments must adopt proactive strategies requiring substantial fiscal resources to mitigate near-term labor-market shocks.

According to Antràs, productivity growth remains the central condition for success: if new technologies deliver the anticipated productivity gains, governments will gain the fiscal space needed to compensate affected groups and retrain the workforce, achieving a balance between addressing short-term disruptions and investing in long-term strategic gains.