Army General Declares Himself Niger Leader

Supporters of the Nigerien defense and security forces gather during a demonstration outside the national assembly in Niamey on July 27, 2023. (AFP)
Supporters of the Nigerien defense and security forces gather during a demonstration outside the national assembly in Niamey on July 27, 2023. (AFP)
TT

Army General Declares Himself Niger Leader

Supporters of the Nigerien defense and security forces gather during a demonstration outside the national assembly in Niamey on July 27, 2023. (AFP)
Supporters of the Nigerien defense and security forces gather during a demonstration outside the national assembly in Niamey on July 27, 2023. (AFP)

Niger's putschists named an army general as the new leader of the unstable nation on Friday and warned against any foreign military intervention.  

General Abdourahamane Tchiani, head of the Presidential Guard since 2011, appeared on state television saying he was the "president of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland".  

The general presented the coup as a response to "the degradation of the security situation" linked to extremist bloodshed.

A statement followed from the putschists on TV which warned of "the consequences that will flow from any foreign military intervention".

"Certain dignitaries ... are in thinking of confrontation" which "will end in nothing but the massacre of the Nigerien population and chaos," they claimed.

On the third day since President Mohamed Bazoum was detained, former colonial master France demanded the restoration of the democratically elected government saying it "does not recognize" the putschists, and calling Bazoum "sole president".

The coup has prompted mounting international concern, and on Friday Kenyan President William Ruto called the army takeover "a serious setback" for Africa.  

"The aspirations of the people of Niger for constitutional democracy were subverted by an unconstitutional change of government," he said in a video message.

The European Union threatened to cut aid to Niamey after what it said was a "serious attack on stability and democracy" in Niger.  

Bazoum and his family have been confined since Wednesday morning to their residence at the presidential palace located within the Guard's military camp.  

He is said to be in good health and has been able to talk by telephone to other heads of state.  

Army backs coup leaders  

The Guard's chiefs who staged the coup on Thursday had won broad army support.  

Armed forces chief General Abdou Sidikou Issa swung his weight behind the putschists saying it was "in order to avoid a deadly confrontation".  

The latest target of a coup in Africa's turbulent Sahel, Bazoum has tried to stand his ground as condemnations swelled from African and international organizations, allies Germany and the United States, as well as France.  

French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna had seemed to hold out hope for the president's position.  

"If you hear me talking about an attempted coup, it's because we don't consider things final," she said. "There is still a way out if those responsible listen to the international community."  

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) would hold a summit "probably on Sunday", where "possible sanctions could be decided", Colonna said.

France, which has 1,500 soldiers in Niger, would support sanctions, she added.  

ECOWAS has demanded Bazoum's "immediate release", saying he "remains the legitimate and legal President of Niger".  

Pro-coup demonstrations  

The landlocked state is one of the world's poorest. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has seen four coups as well as numerous other attempts -- including two previously against Bazoum.  

The 63-year-old is one of a dwindling group of elected presidents and pro-Western leaders in the Sahel, where an extremist insurgency has triggered coups in Mali and Burkina Faso.  

Their juntas have forced out French troops, and in Mali the ruling military has woven a close alliance with Russia.

"What happened in Niger is nothing more than the struggle of the people of Niger against colonizers, who tried to impose their own rules of life," Wagner boss Yevgeny Prigozhin appeared to say Thursday night in a message shared by a Russian body linked to the mercenary group.

The coup plotters had on Thursday urged "the population to remain calm", after young men ransacked Bazoum's PNDS party headquarters, setting fire to vehicles.  

They had split off from a 1,000 people who had demonstrated in the capital.  

Some held Russian flags and chanted anti-French and pro-Moscow slogans.  

"We want the same thing as in Mali and Burkina Faso," shouted 19-year-old student Alassane Alhousseini.  

"We want to take our destiny in our own hands."  

Despite the violence and an army ban on demonstrations, a coalition of parties opposed to Bazoum called for a show of support Friday for the "motivations" of the putschists "while disapproving of all change by force".  

Bazoum took office after elections two years ago, in Niger's first peaceful transition since independence.  

The country of 22 million is two-thirds desert and frequently ranks at the bottom of the UN's Human Development Index.  

It faces two insurgent campaigns: one which swept in from Mali in 2015 and the other involving extremists from Nigeria.



Iran to Launch 'Advanced Centrifuges' in Response to IAEA Censure

Western countries successfully moved a resolution at the IAEA to censure Iran over its nuclear program - AFP
Western countries successfully moved a resolution at the IAEA to censure Iran over its nuclear program - AFP
TT

Iran to Launch 'Advanced Centrifuges' in Response to IAEA Censure

Western countries successfully moved a resolution at the IAEA to censure Iran over its nuclear program - AFP
Western countries successfully moved a resolution at the IAEA to censure Iran over its nuclear program - AFP

Iran said Friday it would launch a series of "new and advanced" centrifuges in response to a resolution adopted by the UN nuclear watchdog that censures Tehran for what the agency called lack of cooperation.

The censure motion brought by Britain, France, Germany, and the United States at the 35-nation board of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) follows a similar one in June.

It came as tensions run high over Iran's atomic program, with critics fearing that Tehran is attempting to develop a nuclear weapon -- a claim the Islamic Republic has repeatedly denied.

The resolution -- which China, Russia and Burkina Faso voted against -- carried with 19 votes in favor, 12 abstentions and Venezuela not participating, two diplomats told AFP.

"The head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran issued an order to take effective measures, including launching a significant series of new and advanced centrifuges of various types," a joint statement by the organization and Iran's foreign ministry said.

Centrifuges are the machines that enrich uranium transformed into gas by rotating it at very high speed, increasing the proportion of fissile isotope material (U-235).

"At the same time, technical and safeguards cooperation with the IAEA will continue, as in the past" and within the framework of agreements made by Iran, the joint Iranian statement added.

Behrouz Kamalvandi, Iran's atomic energy organization spokesman, on Friday said the new measures are mostly related to uranium enrichment.

"We will substantially increase the enrichment capacity with the utilisation of different types of advanced machines," he told state TV.

Iran's retaliatory measures "are reversible if this (Western) hostile action is withdrawn or negotiations are opened," Tehran-based political analyst Hadi Mohammadi told AFP.

- 'Legal obligations' -

The confidential resolution seen by AFP says it is "essential and urgent" for Iran to "act to fulfil its legal obligations" under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) ratified in 1970.

The text also calls on Tehran to provide "technically credible explanations" for the presence of uranium particles found at two undeclared locations in Iran.

In addition, Western powers are asking for a "comprehensive report" to be issued by the IAEA on Iran's nuclear efforts "at the latest" by spring 2025.

The resolution comes after the IAEA's head Rafael Grossi returned from a trip to Tehran last week, where he appeared to have made headway.

During the visit, Iran agreed to an IAEA demand to cap its sensitive stock of near weapons-grade uranium enriched up to 60 percent purity.

- 'Cycle of provocation' -

"Iran did not start the cycle of provocation -- the Western side could, without passing a resolution... create the atmosphere for negotiations if it really was after talks," the analyst Mohammadi said.

In 2015, Iran and world powers reached an agreement that saw the easing of international sanctions on Tehran in exchange for curbs on its nuclear program.

But the United States unilaterally withdrew from the accord in 2018 under then-president Donald Trump and reimposed biting economic sanctions, which prompted Iran to begin rolling back on its own commitments.

On Thursday, Iran's deputy foreign minister for legal and international affairs Kazem Gharibabadi warned of Iran's potential next step.

"Iran had announced in an official letter to European countries that it would withdraw from the NPT if the snapback mechanism was activated, and the Security Council sanctions were reinstated," Gharibabadi said in a late-night interview with state TV.

The 2015 deal contains a "snapback" mechanism that can be triggered in case of "significant non-performance" of commitments by Iran.

This would allow many sanctions to be reimposed.

Tehran has since 2021 decreased its cooperation with the agency by deactivating surveillance devices monitoring the nuclear program and barring UN inspectors.

At the same time, it has ramped up its nuclear activities, including by increasing its stockpiles of enriched uranium and the level of enrichment to 60 percent.

That level is close, according to the IAEA, to the 90 percent-plus threshold required for a nuclear warhead and substantially higher than the 3.67 percent limit it agreed to in 2015.