Iran Rejects International Pressure Over its Nuclear Program

Iran's Vice-President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif speaks during the 55th annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos, Switzerland, January 22, 2025. Reuters 
Iran's Vice-President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif speaks during the 55th annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos, Switzerland, January 22, 2025. Reuters 
TT

Iran Rejects International Pressure Over its Nuclear Program

Iran's Vice-President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif speaks during the 55th annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos, Switzerland, January 22, 2025. Reuters 
Iran's Vice-President for Strategic Affairs Javad Zarif speaks during the 55th annual World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos, Switzerland, January 22, 2025. Reuters 

Iran on Thursday rejected international pressure over its accelerating nuclear program, which is close to nearly weapons-grade levels, while its Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi described the UN chief’s call for his country to renounce nuclear weapons, as “audacious.”

On Wednesday, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said Iran must make a first step towards improving relations with countries in the region and the United States by making it clear it does not aim to develop nuclear weapons.

“My hope is that the Iranians understand that it is important to once and for all make it clear that they will renounce to have nuclear weapons, at the same time that they engage constructively with the other countries of the region,” Guterres said as he discussed the situation in the Middle East at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

The UN nuclear watchdog chief, Rafael Grossi, touched on the same theme in Davos, saying Iran is “pressing the gas pedal” on its enrichment of uranium to near weapons grade.

Asked how crucial the dialogue between Tehran and Trump is right now, Grossi replied: “Absolutely indispensable.”

Grossi said last month that Iran had informed the International Atomic Energy Agency that it would “dramatically” accelerate enrichment of uranium to up to 60% purity, closer to the roughly 90% of weapons grade.

He said Iran is now producing more than 30 kilograms of uranium enriched to up to 60% and that it had about 200 kg of uranium enriched to up to 60%.

In a post on X, Araghchi wrote, “It is audacious to preach that Iranians must ‘once and for all make it clear that they will renounce to have nuclear weapons’,” without mentioning the name of the UN Chief.

“Iran's longstanding commitment to the global nonproliferation regime is clear,” the Foreign Minister said, noting that his country has signed the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) in 1968 as a founding member.

Araghchi then pointed to a fatwa (religious decree) by Leader of the Iranian Revolution that bans the production, possession and stockpiling of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) including nuclear weapons.

He added that in 2015, Iran signed the JCPOA which imposed the most intrusive inspection regime in IAEA history.

The FM posted a statement from the nuclear deal which states that “Iran reaffirms that under no circumstances will Iran ever seek, develop or acquire any nuclear weapons.”

“This is a permanent and clear commitment which Iran has remained committed to—even after the US unilaterally withdrew from the deal in 2018,” Araghchi said in his post.

The Iranian foreign minister also said that the most relevant question regarding the region is Israel's genocidal war on the Gaza Strip, as well as the regime's occupation of Palestinian, the Syrian and Lebanese territories.”

He then warned of the threat posed by Israel's nuclear arsenal and its refusal to join the NPT.

“This must not be normalized or whitewashed,” the FM wrote.

The statements came one week after Araghchi’s deputies had warned their counterparts in Germany, France and the UK regarding the potential misuse of the snapback mechanism relating to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which could reinstate suspended sanctions on Iran.

Earlier, western media said Tehran signaled it would withdraw from the nuclear treaty if the so-called snapback mechanism is renewed and has even threatened to change the course of its nuclear program.

In a meeting with Guterres in Lisbon last November, Araghchi warned about an ongoing debate in Iran over whether to change the nuclear doctrine in the face of the West's continued sanctions on the Iranian Republic.

He then noted that if European countries were to reimpose sanctions on Iran through the UN Security Council, it would convince everyone in Iran that Tehran’s current doctrine had been mistaken.

Trump 2.0

On Wednesday, Iran’s vice-president for strategic affairs, Mohammad Javad Zarif, dismissed the idea that Tehran sought nuclear arms, and signalled support for the idea of talks to improve relations between Iran and its critics in the West.

“There's always hope that people will choose rationality. I hope that this time around, a 'Trump 2' will be more serious, more focused, more realistic,” Zarif told a panel, adding the Iran did not pose a security threat to the world.

“Now, for us, is the time to move forward. We have been looking at our surroundings as a threat, because of our history. Now ... Nobody thinks of Iran as such an easy place to carry out their whims. So, we can move forward, based on opportunity, rather than based on threats. So, let's talk about that,” he said.

Iran's main concern is the potential for Trump to reimposes his “maximum pressure policy” through more sanctions on its oil.

On Wednesday, two US officials gave preliminary outlines of the new US administration’s policy toward Iran, including its readiness to activate the “snapback” mechanism at the UN Security Council.

Trump's pick for UN Ambassador, Elise Stefanik, said she supports the suggestion of newly sworn-in secretary of state Marco Rubio to activate the “snapback” of UN sanctions on Iran.

 



Congo Rebels Face Some Resistance in Goma, More Peacekeepers Killed 

Residents look on as members of the M23 armed group walk through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on January 27, 2025. (AFP)
Residents look on as members of the M23 armed group walk through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on January 27, 2025. (AFP)
TT

Congo Rebels Face Some Resistance in Goma, More Peacekeepers Killed 

Residents look on as members of the M23 armed group walk through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on January 27, 2025. (AFP)
Residents look on as members of the M23 armed group walk through a street of the Keshero neighborhood in Goma, on January 27, 2025. (AFP)

Gunfire rippled across east Congo's largest city Goma where Rwandan-backed M23 rebels still faced pockets of resistance from army and pro-government militias on Tuesday, while another four South African peacekeepers were killed.

The rebels marched into the lakeside city of two million people on Monday in the worst escalation since 2012 of a three-decade conflict rooted in the Rwandan genocide and control of natural resources.

Dozens of Democratic Republic of Congo troops had surrendered, but some soldiers and pro-government militiamen were holding out, residents and UN sources said.

People in several neighborhoods reported small arms fire and some loud explosions on Tuesday morning.

"I have heard the crackle of gunfire from midnight until now ... it is coming from near the airport," an elderly woman in Goma's northern Majengo neighborhood, close to the airport, told Reuters by phone.

The UN and global powers fear the conflict could spiral into a regional war akin to those of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003 that killed millions, mostly from hunger and disease.

Corneille Nangaa, leader of the Congo River Alliance that includes the M23, has suggested the rebels' aim is to replace President Felix Tshisekedi and his government in the capital Kinshasa, more than 1,500 km west of Goma.

In the latest diplomatic efforts, South Africa said its President Cyril Ramaphosa and his Rwandan counterpart Paul Kagame agreed in a phone call on the need for a ceasefire.

But on the ground four more South African peacekeepers in Congo were killed, South Africa's military said, bringing the number of its fatalities in the past week to 13.

Of the latest deaths, three were caught in crossfire between the Congolese army and the M23 on Monday, while another succumbed to wounds from fighting with the rebels, it said.

'POWDERKEG TOWN'

Willy Ngumbi, a bishop in Goma, said bombs had hit a house where priests were staying and the maternity ward of a Catholic hospital on Monday.

"The town is a powderkeg," he said by phone. "The youth are armed and the fighting is now taking place in the town."

The International Committee of the Red Cross said on Monday it had treated 117 injured people, including 86 with bullet wounds, at a hospital in Goma that it supports.

Also on Monday, Congolese soldiers and Rwandan troops exchanged artillery fire near the border, with Rwanda's army reporting five people killed and 26 injured.

The fighting has sent thousands of people streaming out of Goma, which has been a vital regional hub for humanitarian aid for displaced people. Hundreds of thousands have fled fighting since the start of the year - on top of 3 million who were displaced in eastern Congo last year.

Goma is also a gateway for trade of tantalum and tin ores, used in phones and computers.

"The city is in real difficulty and if it hasn’t fallen overnight, it will in the coming days," French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot told Sud Radio. "Rwanda must put down its weapons, calm must return and dialogue needs to restart."

FAST OFFENSIVE

M23 is the latest in a string of ethnic Tutsi-led, Rwandan-backed insurgencies. Its fighters took up arms again in 2022, a decade after a previous insurgency that briefly captured Goma.

In recent weeks they made swift gains through North Kivu province, on the border with Rwanda, ignoring calls from world leaders to halt their offensive.

Rwanda has dismissed calls for troops to leave, saying its security is threatened and blaming Kinshasa for sabotaging peace efforts. UNexperts say Kigali has deployed 3,000-4,000 troops in eastern Congo to support the M23.

Congo's government has called on international powers to pressure Rwanda, potentially via sanctions, to end the M23 offensive.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke with Congo president Tshisekedi on Monday, the State Department said. "Secretary Rubio condemned the assault on Goma by the Rwanda-backed M23 and affirmed the United States’ respect for the sovereignty of the DRC," it said.

The UN Security Council was due to discuss the crisis again on Tuesday, diplomats said.

In Kinshasa on Tuesday, dozens of young men burned tires and chanted anti-Rwanda slogans.

Rwanda says ethnic Hutu militias, some with links to the extremists who murdered close to 1 million Tutsis and moderate Hutus during the 1994 genocide, threaten its security.