Fleeing Pakistan, Afghans Rebuild from Nothing

Afghan men travel in auto rickshaws in the city of Jalalabad on April 21, 2025. (Photo by Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
Afghan men travel in auto rickshaws in the city of Jalalabad on April 21, 2025. (Photo by Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
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Fleeing Pakistan, Afghans Rebuild from Nothing

Afghan men travel in auto rickshaws in the city of Jalalabad on April 21, 2025. (Photo by Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
Afghan men travel in auto rickshaws in the city of Jalalabad on April 21, 2025. (Photo by Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)

Pushed out of Pakistan where she was born, Nazmine Khan's first experience of her country, Afghanistan, was in a sweltering tent at a border camp.

"We never thought we would return to Afghanistan," said the 15-year-old girl, who has little idea of what will become of her or her family, only that she is likely to have fewer freedoms.

"When our parents told us we had to leave, we cried," added Khan.

Having nowhere to go in Afghanistan, she and six other family members shared a stifling tent in the Omari camp near the Torkham border point.

Islamabad, accusing Afghans of links to narcotics and "supporting terrorism", announced a new campaign in March to expel hundreds of thousands of Afghans, with or without documents.

Many had lived in Pakistan for decades after fleeing successive wars and crises but did not wait to be arrested by Pakistani forces before leaving, seeing their removal as inevitable.

Since April 1, more than 92,000 Afghans have been sent back to their country of origin, according to Islamabad, out of the some three million the United Nations says are living in Pakistan.

Khan's family fled Afghanistan in the 1960s. Her four brothers and sister were also born in Pakistan.

"In a few days we'll look for a place to rent" in the border province of Nangarhar where the family has roots, she told AFP, speaking in Pakistan's commonly spoken tongue of Urdu, not knowing any Afghan languages.

In the family's tent there is little more than a cloth to lie on and a few cushions, but no mattress or blanket. Flies buzz under the tarpaulin as countless children in ragged clothes come and go.

- 'Already suffering' -

When it comes to her own future, Khan feels "completely lost", she said.

Having dropped out of school in Pakistan, the Taliban authorities' ban on girls studying beyond primary school will hardly change the course of her life.

But from what little she heard about her country while living in eastern Pakistan's Punjab, she knows that "here there are not the same freedoms".

Since returning to power in 2021, the Taliban authorities have imposed restrictions on women characterized by the UN as "gender apartheid".

Women have been banned from universities, parks, gyms and beauty salons and squeezed from many jobs.

"It is now a new life... for them, and they are starting this with very little utilities, belongings, cash, support," said Ibrahim Humadi, program lead for non-governmental group Islamic Relief, which has set up about 200 tents for returnees in the Omari camp.

Some stay longer than the three days offered on arrival, not knowing where to go with their meager savings, he said.

"They also know that even in their area of return, the community will be welcoming them, will be supporting them... but they know also the community are already suffering from the situation in Afghanistan," he added.

Around 85 percent of the Afghan population lives on less than one dollar a day, according to the United Nations Development Program.

"We had never seen (Afghanistan) in our lives. We do not know if we can find work, so we are worried," said Jalil Khan Mohamedin, 28, as he piled belongings -- quilts, bed frames and fans -- into a truck that will take the 16 members of his family to the capital Kabul, though nothing awaits them there.

- 'Still don't understand'

The Taliban authorities have said they are preparing towns specifically for returnees.

But at one site near Torkham, there is nothing more than cleared roads on a rocky plain.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) believes "greater clarity" is needed to ensure that the sites intended for returnees are "viable" in terms of basic infrastructure and services such as health and education.

It's important that "returnees are making informed decisions and that their relocation to the townships is voluntary", communications officer Avand Azeez Agha told AFP.

Looking dazed, Khan's brother Dilawar still struggles to accept leaving Pakistan, where he was born 25 years ago.

His Pakistani wife did not want to follow him and asked for a divorce.

"When we crossed the border, we felt like going back, then after a day it felt fine," said the former truck driver.

"We still don't understand. We were only working."



US Moving Fighter Jets to Middle East as Israel-Iran War Rages

This handout grab taken from footage released by the US Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS) on June 11, 2025 shows the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) conducting flight operations in the South China Sea, on May 28, 2025. (AFP Photo / DVIDS / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Edward Jacome - Handout)
This handout grab taken from footage released by the US Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS) on June 11, 2025 shows the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) conducting flight operations in the South China Sea, on May 28, 2025. (AFP Photo / DVIDS / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Edward Jacome - Handout)
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US Moving Fighter Jets to Middle East as Israel-Iran War Rages

This handout grab taken from footage released by the US Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS) on June 11, 2025 shows the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) conducting flight operations in the South China Sea, on May 28, 2025. (AFP Photo / DVIDS / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Edward Jacome - Handout)
This handout grab taken from footage released by the US Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS) on June 11, 2025 shows the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) conducting flight operations in the South China Sea, on May 28, 2025. (AFP Photo / DVIDS / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Edward Jacome - Handout)

The US military is deploying more fighter aircraft to the Middle East and extending the deployment of other warplanes, bolstering US military forces in the region as the war between Israel and Iran rages, three US officials said.

One of the officials said the deployments include F-16, F-22 and F-35 fighter aircraft.

Two of the officials stressed the defensive nature of the deployment of fighter aircraft, which have been used to shoot down drones and projectiles.

The Pentagon did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Reuters was first to report on Monday the movement of a large number of tanker aircraft to Europe as well as the deployment of an aircraft carrier to the Middle East, providing options to President Donald Trump as Middle East tensions soar.

US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth described the deployments as defensive in nature, as Washington looks to safeguard forces in the Middle East from potential blowback from Iran and Iran-aligned forces in the region.

A fourth US defense official on Tuesday raised the possibility of the deployment to the Eastern Mediterranean of additional US Navy warships capable of shooting down ballistic missiles.

The United States already has a sizeable force in the Middle East, with nearly 40,000 troops in the region, including air defense systems, fighter aircraft and warships that can detect and shoot down enemy missiles.

Israel launched its air war, its largest ever on Iran, on Friday after saying it concluded Iran was on the verge of developing a nuclear weapon.

Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons and has pointed to its right to nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, including enrichment, as a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.