China's producer price inflation surged to its highest level in four years in June, piling pressure on manufacturers' profit margins as weak domestic demand limits their pricing power.
China's economy is developing a two-track dynamic as a global AI-fueled export surge is lifting advanced manufacturing, while weak household spending, lackluster investment and the property downturn continue to restrain domestic activity.
The producer price index (PPI) rose 4.1% year-on-year, the highest rate since July 2022, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) data showed on Thursday, matching the forecast in a Reuters poll and up for the fourth straight month.
The gauge, which logged a 3.9% gain in May, had snapped a years-long deflationary streak in March as energy prices soared in the wake of the Iran war.
The faster growth in factory-gate prices owed partly to a low base of comparison a year earlier, though analysts said soft domestic demand meant deflationary pressures had yet to ease meaningfully.
"The latest escalation in US-Iran tensions could deliver some renewed upward pressure on inflation in the near term," said Julian Evans-Pritchard, head of China economics at Capital Economics. "But this will remain limited to a few narrow areas and inflation still looks set to return near zero once energy supply normalizes."
Higher prices in coal mining, electrical machinery, electronics and ferrous metals were among the main factors contributing to the rises in producer prices, according to the NBS. Prices declined in sectors including alcoholic beverages and automobile manufacturing.
Compared with the previous month, PPI fell 0.3% in June following a sharp drop in global oil prices after the US and Iran agreed on a ceasefire. In contrast, some high-tech and green-transition industries, such as virtual reality equipment, wearables and carbon-based nanomaterials, recorded month-on-month price gains.
Markets hardly budged on the data, with stocks holding steady and the yuan moving up slightly.
Although firmer prices have boosted profits in some upstream and high-tech sectors, manufacturers more reliant on the home market are struggling to pass higher costs on to consumers. This backdrop highlights headwinds policymakers face in their efforts to support the job market and bolster still-soft domestic demand.
Evidence of subdued domestic demand was underscored by China's auto sales, which fell for a ninth consecutive month in June, prompting carmakers to turn to external markets.
Data on consumer prices, which was released alongside PPI, showed some moderation. The consumer price index (CPI) climbed 1.0% last month year-on-year, slowing from a 1.2% increase in May and below an expected 1.1% rise, as price increases for industrial consumer goods eased, including those for gold jewelry and gasoline.
On a monthly basis, CPI edged down 0.3%, compared with an expected 0.2% drop and a 0.1% dip in May, Reuters reported.
Core CPI, which excludes volatile food and energy costs, rose 1.0%, the slowest pace since January. Food prices dropped 1.6% year-on-year.
"The data is moving from near-deflation to low positive inflation," said Lynn Song, ING's chief economist for Greater China. "This sort of inflation level is not likely to impede the People's Bank of China from monetary policy action, should it deem it necessary."
China's market regulator has renewed its crackdown on "involution-style" competition, pressing ahead with a campaign to rein in cut-throat price wars that have fueled deflationary pressures.
Excessive competition has led to shrinking corporate profit margins across multiple sectors, including electric vehicles (EVs), solar panels, lithium batteries, steel, cement and food delivery.
Analysts contend that stronger policy intervention is essential to rebalance an economy marked by excess production capacity and weak domestic demand. The export boom has allowed policymakers to postpone more decisive stimulus measures.
"The anti-involution campaign and low base effects would boost inflation again in the first quarter of 2027," Zhaopeng Xing, ANZ's senior China Strategist, said.
"The inflation outlook allows policymakers to remain patient and keep interest rate cut on hold in 2026."
