The trilateral meeting between Russia, Türkiye, and Syria may have been the most significant event towards the end of 2022. Iran did not take part in the discussions on this sensitive strategic matter. This meeting was not without preludes but was rather preceded by several meetings and statements,…

Since the emergence of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and China’s rise under Xi’s leadership, skepticism shadowed the liberal system and its validity as a global model. These doubts were also heard from within Western liberal circles, with the appearance of the populist movement and the extremist right,…