Lebanon at Risk as Iran Uses Its Airspace, Israel Responds

Passengers stranded in the departure hall of Rafik Hariri International Airport following flight delays (DPA)
Passengers stranded in the departure hall of Rafik Hariri International Airport following flight delays (DPA)
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Lebanon at Risk as Iran Uses Its Airspace, Israel Responds

Passengers stranded in the departure hall of Rafik Hariri International Airport following flight delays (DPA)
Passengers stranded in the departure hall of Rafik Hariri International Airport following flight delays (DPA)

Lebanon found itself entangled in the latest flare-up between Israel and Iran, as its skies became a battleground for Iranian missiles and drones, and Israeli interceptor rockets throughout Friday night and into Saturday morning.

Residents across several towns and cities endured a tense and sleepless night, fearing the fallout of missiles potentially crashing into populated areas.

The country’s airspace, which was shut down Friday evening as a security precaution, was reopened at 10 a.m. on Saturday.

Minister of Public Works and Transport, Fayez Rasamny, speaking from Beirut’s international airport during an inspection visit, said the facility would remain open “unless an emergency beyond our control arises”.

The Ministry of Public Works said in a statement that the airspace closure and accompanying emergency measures were taken “strictly for security reasons,” stressing that “the safety of passengers and airport facilities remains a top priority.”

Middle East Airlines (MEA), Lebanon’s national carrier, rescheduled several flights to and from Beirut after passengers were left stranded overnight at the airport due to cancellations and delays.

Lebanon’s skies have become a corridor for conflict in the intensifying Israeli-Iranian standoff, sparking growing fears among Lebanese officials and analysts who warn the country is losing control over its own airspace - and may be paying the price.

Beirut lacks the leverage to deter Iran from using its airspace to launch attacks on Israel, nor can it stop Israeli forces from intercepting drones and missiles mid-flight over Lebanese territory.

With Iranian projectiles and Israeli countermeasures crossing through the same skies, experts warn Lebanon faces mounting military and civilian risks as long as it remains entangled in the regional confrontation.

“The passage of Iranian missiles and drones through Lebanese airspace toward Israel presents serious military and security threats on multiple levels,” retired Brigadier General Saeed Al-Qazaz told Asharq Al-Awsat.

He warned that turning Lebanon into a de facto battleground increases the risk of missiles falling into populated areas -- as seen in the Bekaa Valley during the overnight bombardment between Friday and Saturday.

“Israeli attempts to intercept these threats over Lebanon could result in casualties on the ground, whether due to guidance malfunctions or fuel depletion. The fragmentation of these weapons is just as dangerous as a direct hit,” explained Al-Qazaz.

One missile reportedly landed late Friday in the outskirts of Beit Shama, west of Baalbek, sending shockwaves through the valley and stoking fears of further fallout.

Airspace Safety and Legal Concerns

Al-Qazaz also voiced grave concern over aviation safety, saying Lebanon’s crowded airspace could become a deadly zone for civilian aircraft.

“There is an immediate threat to air navigation, and the risk of a commercial aircraft being struck is real. That justifies the need to close the airspace entirely in such circumstances,” he said.

Using the airspace of a sovereign nation without consent, he added, constitutes “a flagrant violation of international law,” citing the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, which affirms a state’s sovereignty over its own skies.

He stressed that the Lebanese government bears responsibility and “must not allow missiles and drones to pass through its airspace without taking action”. International legal liability could arise if any damage is caused to third countries by these aerial operations.

At the same time, Al-Qazaz pointed out a double standard: “While Israel uses the airspace of Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq without consequence, these countries fail to respond or prevent such actions. Jordan, however, has recently intercepted projectiles to avoid international accountability”.

Calls for International Action

Despite Lebanon’s limited capacity to influence either side in the conflict, Al-Qazaz said the government could still lodge a formal complaint with the UN Security Council over repeated airspace violations.

“Lebanon can protest to the international community over the use of its skies by both Israel and Iran, even if no concrete outcome is expected,” he said.

“But remaining silent while missiles continue to pass overhead exposes Lebanon to greater danger, undermines its sovereignty, and drags it further into a military confrontation it did not choose”.

As tensions simmer and skies remain contested, Lebanon finds itself navigating a high-stakes crisis with few tools to shield its people, or its sovereignty.

 



Houthis Deplete Motorcycle Market for Military Use

Yemenis on their motorcycles at a market in Sanaa (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Yemenis on their motorcycles at a market in Sanaa (Asharq Al-Awsat)
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Houthis Deplete Motorcycle Market for Military Use

Yemenis on their motorcycles at a market in Sanaa (Asharq Al-Awsat)
Yemenis on their motorcycles at a market in Sanaa (Asharq Al-Awsat)

As living conditions deteriorate and job opportunities shrink in Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen, the group is stepping up purchases of motorcycles from markets in Sanaa and other cities for distribution to its militants on the front lines, driving up prices and making the vehicles increasingly unaffordable for young people who depend on them for their livelihoods.

Informed sources in Sanaa told Asharq Al-Awsat that the Houthis had allocated funds to purchase hundreds of motorcycles over the past two weeks in Sanaa, Amran, Hodeidah, Dhamar and Ibb for use in military operations.

The sources said increased demand had pushed up prices and reduced supply, making it harder for residents, particularly workers and low-income young people, to purchase motorcycles and earn enough to support their families.

According to the sources, the move followed the group's failure to recruit a number of motorcycle owners and riders in Sanaa and other cities, prompting it to buy the vehicles directly from local markets and distribute them to its militants for use on the front lines.

The sources linked the intensified purchases to airstrikes targeting Houthi reinforcements and vehicles in recent weeks, as well as severe fuel shortages.

They said motorcycles allow militants to travel through ravines, dry riverbeds and rugged terrain that heavy military vehicles struggle to navigate. They are also used to transport militants and supplies to the front lines and evacuate the dead and wounded.

The use of motorcycles in combat operations is not new for the Houthis. The group has relied on them across several fronts throughout the years of war, taking advantage of their small size and maneuverability.

According to the sources, motorcycles continue to be used on the Taiz, Al-Dhalea and western coast fronts, while the Houthis seek to acquire additional vehicles to support their military movements.

New Competition for a Source of Livelihood

The Houthi purchases have created new competition for a vehicle that many residents consider an affordable means of earning a living, at a time when employment opportunities are dwindling and living costs are rising.

Residents of Sanaa told Asharq Al-Awsat that motorcycles are more than a means of transportation. They represent an investment in small businesses and a direct source of income, whether through delivery services, transporting goods or commuting to work.

They warned that rising prices threaten to deprive more young people and workers of employment opportunities that depend on motorcycle ownership.

A motorcycle showroom owner in southern Sanaa said Houthi supervisors had purchased dozens of motorcycles from his business over the past two weeks.

Speaking to Asharq Al-Awsat on condition of anonymity, the owner said motorcycle prices ranged from 280,000 to 500,000 Yemeni rials per vehicle, depending on the model and specifications. The exchange rate imposed by the Houthis stands at approximately 530 rials to the US dollar.

He added that demand had increased in recent days as the group intensified efforts to supply its front-line forces.

The showroom owner said the surge in purchases had driven up prices and further weakened the ability of residents, particularly low-income young people, to acquire motorcycles and use them to support their families.

For many, he added, securing the initial capital needed to start even a small business has become increasingly difficult.


Arab League Strongly Denounces Houthi Attacks on Dammam Airport, Shaybah Oil Field

Arab League Strongly Denounces Houthi Attacks on Dammam Airport, Shaybah Oil Field
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Arab League Strongly Denounces Houthi Attacks on Dammam Airport, Shaybah Oil Field

Arab League Strongly Denounces Houthi Attacks on Dammam Airport, Shaybah Oil Field

The Arab League strongly rejected the attacks launched by the Houthi militia targeting King Fahd International Airport in Dammam and the Shaybah oil field in Eastern Region, which resulted in casualties, injuries, and material damage to the targeted facilities.

In a statement issued today, the Arab League affirmed its categorical rejection of continued Houthi attacks on Saudi territory, describing them as a violation of the Kingdom's sovereignty and a direct threat to its security, stability, and the safety of citizens and residents, SPA reported.

The league stressed that the repeated targeting of airports, oil facilities, and civilian infrastructure constitutes a highly dangerous escalation threatening civil aviation safety and energy security.

Reiterating its full solidarity with the Kingdom, the Arab League affirmed its support for all measures taken to safeguard Saudi security, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, emphasizing that the Kingdom's security is an integral part of collective Arab security.

It called on the international community to assume its responsibilities to halt these attacks and prevent their recurrence, extending sincere condolences to the families of the victims and wishing a speedy recovery to the injured.


Gaza's Education System Could Take Seven Years to Recover

Palestinian students attend their first day of the new school year in a makeshift classroom inside a tent at a school in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, on September 19 (Reuters)
Palestinian students attend their first day of the new school year in a makeshift classroom inside a tent at a school in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, on September 19 (Reuters)
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Gaza's Education System Could Take Seven Years to Recover

Palestinian students attend their first day of the new school year in a makeshift classroom inside a tent at a school in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, on September 19 (Reuters)
Palestinian students attend their first day of the new school year in a makeshift classroom inside a tent at a school in Khan Younis, southern Gaza Strip, on September 19 (Reuters)

Julia Dicum, Director of Education at the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), has warned that Gaza's education system could take up to seven years to recover, according to research projections, following years of disruption and military operations that have deprived children of a normal school life.

"When we opened the school year in September this year, we met children who should have been in third grade but were entering a school building for the first time," Dicum told Asharq Al-Awsat in an exclusive interview.

Some children in the final years of primary school have received no more than one full academic year of in-person education because of disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the past three years of war.

Their learning gaps have been compounded by "the psychological trauma of loss and living under constant fear of bombardment and uncertainty," Dicum said.

Years of Accumulated Learning Gaps

Research conducted by the University of Cambridge, the Centre for Lebanese Studies and UNRWA projected that cumulative disruptions could leave children as much as five years behind in their educational progress.

That estimate was made more than a year ago, and Dicum believes the extent of the learning loss is likely to be even greater now.

As educational disruptions continue, she warned: "The longer this disruption continues, the wider the learning gaps become, and the greater the risk that children will drop out of education permanently."

Maintaining children's connection to structured, recognized education is therefore among UNRWA's highest priorities, alongside establishing the resources, capacity and conditions needed for a transition to safe and sustainable formal schooling.

A Return Far From the Normal School Day

At the start of the 2026-2027 academic year, more than 200,000 children in Gaza remained without access to structured learning, according to estimates provided by Dicum.

Meanwhile, the Education Cluster reported in September 2026 that 495,680 learners were attending 687 learning spaces operated by humanitarian response partners.

The Education Cluster is a coordination mechanism for humanitarian organizations working in education in Gaza, helping organize responses to emergency learning needs.

However, access to a learning space does not mean a return to a normal school day.

Many children who have resumed learning receive far fewer instructional hours than usual, amid overcrowding, shortages of school supplies and damaged buildings or temporary facilities lacking adequate water, sanitation and hygiene services.

Displacement and the dangers posed by explosive remnants of war add to these challenges.

"Gaza is still far from a return to regular, full-time schooling for all girls and boys," Dicum said.

Restrictions on the entry of educational supplies and construction materials also hinder debris removal, repairs and reconstruction, preventing a return to normal educational activities.

Under these circumstances, instruction has been reduced to four core subjects: Arabic, English, mathematics and science, alongside expanded mental health and psychosocial support services.

Universities and technical and vocational education and training institutions have also suffered extensive damage and are offering modified forms of learning.

Unaccredited Programs Threaten Educational Progression

The Palestinian Authority's Ministry of Education and Higher Education has approved programs using educational materials aligned with the Palestinian curriculum, including UNRWA's distance-learning program.

However, many other initiatives provide informal, unaccredited learning experiences.

Dicum warned that these programs would not enable the current generation to access higher education on a broad scale.

"The challenge is no longer simply to return children to some form of learning, but to restore quality, sustainable and accredited education that allows children to learn, progress and acquire the skills that will give them a future built on recovery and hope," she said.

From Emergency Shelters to Learning Spaces

UNRWA's educational response began in October 2023 with mental health and psychosocial support services for children in its emergency shelters.

In early 2024, the agency developed flexible self-learning materials in core subjects, aligned with United Nations values and standards.

It then began establishing temporary learning spaces in the summer of that year.

By late 2024, UNRWA had launched an accredited distance-learning program, seeking wherever possible to reconnect students with the teachers and classmates they had been assigned to in August 2023.

By the end of September 2026, the agency was operating approximately 84 temporary learning spaces across Gaza, reaching nearly 100,000 learners.

It was also providing structured distance education to around 280,000 students in grades one through nine, according to figures supplied by Dicum.

For comparison, UNRWA educated approximately 300,000 students in grades one through nine during the 2022-2023 academic year.

That represented half of all students enrolled in grades one through 12 across Gaza, with the other half attending Palestinian Authority schools and a small number of private schools.

Current in-person instruction takes place in tents and some classrooms inside UNRWA schools.

Families have helped prepare these spaces for learning, sometimes moving their belongings aside each day so teachers can conduct lessons.

Dicum said cooperation between Gaza's communities and UNRWA has developed to the point where "the local community returned three school buildings to UNRWA for use in full-time education during 2026."

"This reflects the importance Gaza's communities attach to education and the contribution they are making to restoring it," she added.

Efforts to resume education have also extended to technical and vocational training for Palestine refugee youth aged 16 to 18.

The initial focus was on helping students who had enrolled at the beginning of the 2023-2024 academic year complete their training and obtain their qualifications through blended and online learning.

In September 2026, UNRWA enrolled students in two-year courses and began planning shorter vocational programs, particularly in skills that could contribute to recovery.

Dicum noted that this type of training is not usually part of an emergency response.

Making Up for Lost Learning Starts With Each Child's Level

Returning to learning offers an opportunity to prevent educational gaps from widening further.

However, making up for years of disrupted schooling requires identifying what each child can actually do and providing support appropriate to their current level.

"Educational recovery is possible, but there is no quick way to make up for years of disrupted education," Dicum said.

The process begins with reading, writing and numeracy, assessing individual learning levels, providing adapted educational materials and ensuring continued support from teachers.

Recovery also depends on the broader conditions in which children live and attempt to study, as well as their ability to receive sufficient and regular instructional time.

Dicum outlined the immediate priority: "What matters now is preventing further learning loss and giving children a reliable pathway back to sustainable, quality education."

Funding and the Continuity of Learning Opportunities

UNRWA currently faces a major challenge in the form of its financial crisis, which could hamper its ability to maintain and expand its educational response.

Sustaining existing programs and preparing for a return to formal schooling when conditions permit require consistent resources that allow for long-term planning.

Dicum concluded by emphasizing that "sustainable, regular and predictable funding" is essential to preserving learning opportunities and supporting the return to safe, adequately resourced formal education.