Barrack Says Lebanon Has an Opportunity; Israel, Not US, Setting Deadline for Hezbollah Disarmament

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
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Barrack Says Lebanon Has an Opportunity; Israel, Not US, Setting Deadline for Hezbollah Disarmament

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)
US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Tom Barrack arrives for his meeting with Lebanon's Prime Minister at the government palace in Beirut on July 21, 2025. (AFP)

US envoy Tom Barrack concluded his visit to Beirut on Wednesday by reiterating Washington’s stances related to the disarmament of Hezbollah, which he said is the responsibility of the Lebanese government that is obligated to limit the possession of weapons in the country to the state.

He warned that its failure to carry out tangible steps in this regard means that the current situation will persist, including Israeli strikes on southern Lebanon and drones flying over Beirut.

During a small meeting with a group of journalists, including Asharq Al-Awsat, Barrack said he was optimistic about everything.

It is time for the Lebanese government to assume its responsibility towards the agreements it struck in the past, he went on to say.

The government agreed to a number of conditions that may or may not have pleased everyone, he added. He said half of those he is referring to are saying that the current situation is good and will never change. So, let Hezbollah and Israel fight each other down there. That is their business; Beirut is fine.

He added that on the other hand, he saw some people who want change and so they must decide what this change demands.

Lebanon has embarked on a path; it elected a new president, chose a new prime minister and boasts a competent parliament speaker, remarked Barrack.

Lebanon has a new group of ministers who are very competent. Hold them to account, he urged. If there is a law, then someone must implement it. If the law is harsh on a segment of the population, then they must be informed that they are not above the law.

The reason for Lebanon’s success in the past was because everyone worked outside the system. Over time, since the 1970s, people came up with their own interpretations of the law. Courage lies in implementing the law, stressed the envoy.

Failure to do so in all likelihood means that Israeli strikes and drones will not stop. “It’s that simple,” Barrack said.

Surprisingly, he revealed that he sensed during his meetings with a Lebanese “readiness” to normalize relations with Israel. He clarified that none of the officials said this, as the government will always say that it never talks to Israel.

Moreover, Barrack said that Israel has no ambitions in Lebanon. “Who would be dumb enough to believe otherwise?” If Israel really wanted to swallow up Lebanon, it would have done so in a heartbeat. Everybody knows that. The government knows that. This is not what Israel wants, he asserted.

Barrack added that he had the opportunity to sit down with Lebanese ministers and senior officials, expressing his admiration of them.

He said that he believes that everyone, deep down, certainly wants to reach a solution to the conflict in this region.

Asked whether Lebanon has a timeframe to disarm Hezbollah, he replied: “Yes.” Lebanon’s neighbor, Israel, not the United States, is the one who sets that timeframe.

The envoy reiterated that Lebanon stands before an opportunity. “We believe we have an opportunity and that we can help,” he continued. Lebanon can be a link to all neighbors when it is in a good place. With Gulf friends and friends in the West, as well as France, “we can have a real impact on this path.”

But the message remains the same: Lebanon must implement its laws. As long as they are not implemented, then it doesn't matter what it does. Lebanon will not get a single cent in foreign capital, he cautioned.

Barrack speaks to a group of journalists in Beirut, including Asharq Al-Awsat's Thaer Abbas. (Asharq Al-Awsat)

Hezbollah ‘propaganda’

Barrack mocked Hezbollah’s “propaganda” on social media that said the party will not lay down its weapons so that it will be able to “protect” the Lebanese from the “evil Syrians”.

The “evil Syrians” can’t even make it outside of Damascus, he said.

Addressing the Lebanese people, he assured them not be concerned with Iran, Israel or Syria. They should instead be worried about their own internal affairs. If they stick together, then they can control the region.

Barrack also said there was an opportunity to strike a deal now between Hezbollah and Israel. Were he able to talk to Hezbollah, he would have told them so, he remarked.

Furthermore, he said the chances of Iran and the US failing to strike a deal are very slim, so the Lebanese must think about what points related to Hezbollah, Hamas and the Houthis must be included in the deal.

On reforms, he hailed Lebanon’s efforts, saying the banking crisis can be resolved after determining who is to blame for the losses. This happened in the US in 1989 and in other places around the world.

In the past, Lebanon had a group of elites who owned the banks and ran the country. They were the ones who benefited from all the money, even personally. That is why no one took any decision to address the crisis. But now, it seems that Lebanon has a number of people who are ready to do so, said the envoy.

Turning to Syria, Barrack expressed his support to the new Syrian leadership, calling on skeptics to present an alternative.

On Lebanese-Syrian relations, he said the two parties were never enemies. The new leadership has never thought about seizing Lebanese territories as they can barely handle developments taking place in Damascus.

Lebanon, meanwhile, has an opportunity, Barrack stated. Given the Lebanese capabilities, there is an opportunity for development in Syria through Gulf funds.

He noted that the Gulf is pouring funds into the new Syria. Even though interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa had a bad reputation in the beginning, now is the time to move forward.

Perhaps corruption will crop up in the future, but it isn’t there now, he said.

US Ambassador to Türkiye and Special Envoy for Syria Thom Barrack attends an interview with Reuters in Beirut, Lebanon July 22, 2025. (Reuters)

Lebanon, on the other hand, is seen as very complicated for the Arabs, so they decided that they will invest in Syria and shape a new country. Lebanon will benefit the most from this because Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates will pump funds there.

As usual, however, the Lebanese have to decide what to do, he stressed.

Ultimately, relations between Lebanon and Syria boil down to a lack of trust, Barrack said. Agreement between the two sides will be very important. The current leadership is in no way affiliated with the ousted regime, so, from that standpoint, there should be no issue with it.

Patriarch Rahi

Barrack had met on Wednesday with Maronite Patriarch Beshara al-Rahi, who told his guest that the Lebanese people were awaiting the outcomes of his visit.

Barrack responded that he doesn’t know what the ending will look like, but efforts are underway to achieve stability.

He said his visit carried hope, which should be the focus, instead of statements made here and there.

He said he can offer hope, money and support because the Gulf and world stand with Lebanon, while reiterating the demand to limit the possession of arms in the country to the state.

Barrack acknowledged that the situation is complicated for the Lebanese leaders, adding that he will return to Lebanon when the need arises.

The government, meanwhile, must decide what it needs to do. The US is not the only one that wants to help Lebanon, but the Gulf and neighbors too, but to do so, the Lebanese people must achieve stability, he urged.



Ground Fighting Eases in Sudan as Drone Warfare Intensifies

Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inside the presidential palace on March 26, 2025. (Reuters)
Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inside the presidential palace on March 26, 2025. (Reuters)
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Ground Fighting Eases in Sudan as Drone Warfare Intensifies

Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inside the presidential palace on March 26, 2025. (Reuters)
Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inside the presidential palace on March 26, 2025. (Reuters)

Ground fighting has eased on Sudan’s main fronts after army advances and a retreat by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in North Kordofan in recent days. Drone attacks have increased, while limited skirmishes continue on several fronts.

Witnesses and field sources said the lull followed heavy fighting that significantly changed the areas held by each side in North Kordofan.

The army captured several towns, strengthened its hold on Bara and the surrounding area, and secured the export road. It also opened a supply route from Omdurman through White Nile and North Kordofan states to El Obeid.

The RSF withdrew to the north and northwest.

The sources said the army’s advance west of El Obeid stopped abruptly when its forces reached Umm Sumaymah. A counterattack forced them back toward the outskirts of El Obeid. No further major attempt to advance has been reported on that front.

Activists said the army also pulled back from around Sodari and Mazrub after extending its defensive lines through several nearby towns. The RSF returned to the strategic town of Mazrub, which it had left during the army’s wider offensive.

In Blue Nile state, the army held its positions. Pro-army sources said its forces repelled RSF attacks and inflicted casualties and equipment losses, preventing the RSF from making further gains. The RSF and its allies still control Kurmuk and Geissan.

Direct ground fighting there has also eased in recent days, though both sides have continued attacks with drones and artillery.

Drone warfare

The army said on Thursday that its air defenses had shot down a long-range FH-95 drone it described as hostile. The announcement came days after intensive drone attacks on military sites in El Obeid.

North Kordofan residents said the RSF had stepped up drone attacks on government-held cities in the state, disrupting daily life and deepening their sense of insecurity.

Reuters recorded footage of the aftermath of major attacks this month on two cities along the front line. Residents described them as part of a new wave of strikes, following weeks in which the RSF appeared to have reduced its drone use under international pressure.

Drone use has increased sharply during Sudan’s three-and-a-half-year war. Both the army and the RSF use technology that has become central to other conflicts, including the war in Ukraine.

The United Nations says drone attacks by both sides killed more than 1,000 civilians in the first half of this year. The toll highlights the growing cost to civilians as such attacks spread beyond traditional front lines.

On September 8, a drone struck a crowded courtroom in the government-held city of Umm Rawaba. The city is in North Kordofan, a central Sudanese state that has become one of the war’s main fronts.

Emergency Lawyers, which describes itself as an independent volunteer professional group defending rights, said about 10 people were killed and dozens wounded. The courthouse was extensively damaged, with columns from its facade and debris from one of the city’s prominent buildings strewn around the site.

A day later, a drone struck the College of Development and Technological Sciences in El Obeid, the capital of North Kordofan. The strike destroyed its roof and extensively damaged its buildings.

Standing amid the wreckage as workers cleared debris, the college’s dean, Abdelaziz al-Sheikh, said a security guard had been killed and eight lecture halls badly damaged.

“We lost the college guard. Eight halls were targeted and completely destroyed,” he said. Other parts of the college had also sustained extensive damage, he added.

Omnia Abulgasim, a student who had taken an exam at the college the day before the attack, stood beside the rubble. “The whole college was destroyed. We feel our dreams and our future have been destroyed,” she said.

At a hospital in Umm Rawaba, Salah Bakhit said his arm had been crushed and his body struck by shrapnel in the courthouse attack. He had fled El Obeid for safety after months of drone attacks on the city earlier this year, as the RSF sought to increase pressure on it.

As ground fighting eases on several fronts, drones are playing a growing role in attacks on military positions, as well as on cities and civilian facilities relatively far from the fighting. Residents and vital infrastructure are bearing an increasing share of the war’s cost.


Thousands of Syrians Face Legal Fallout From Assad-Era Cases

Syrians queue at Aleppo International Airport. (Civil Aviation Authority)
Syrians queue at Aleppo International Airport. (Civil Aviation Authority)
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Thousands of Syrians Face Legal Fallout From Assad-Era Cases

Syrians queue at Aleppo International Airport. (Civil Aviation Authority)
Syrians queue at Aleppo International Airport. (Civil Aviation Authority)

For many Syrians, the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s government did not end the cases against them. Activists and politicians are still discovering convictions issued in their absence and criminal wanted notices that remain in force, despite government measures to end security prosecutions of opponents.

Syria’s People’s Assembly has taken a leading role in transitional justice, repealing exceptional laws, including the law establishing the terrorism court.

But criminal cases brought during the conflict remain unresolved. Some Syrians returning by land or air discover the problem only when they reach the border.

Successive decisions and decrees have sought to dismantle the former government’s legacy. Yet thousands still face legal complications. Rights advocates say implementation has lagged behind legislative change, leaving people caught between promises of justice and institutional bureaucracy.

In March 2025, the Interior Ministry canceled travel-ban notices covering requests for arrest, notification or reporting, as well as failure to perform compulsory or reserve military service.

It said more than eight million people, roughly a third of Syrians, had been wanted by the former government’s intelligence and security agencies.

Last December, Justice Minister Mazhar al-Wais announced the abolition of exceptional courts and their rulings, in line with the repeal of Law No. 22 of 2012, which established the Court of Terrorism Cases. The judges who ran the court were removed.

The measure covered political cases, cases involving expressions of opinion and malicious charges. It excluded serious felonies involving personal rights, such as causing a person’s death, and organized crimes such as drug trafficking.

Those cases were referred to the regular military judiciary for consideration under fair legal procedures, leaving criminal prosecutions in place.

Repeal does not erase charges

People’s Assembly member Aqil Hussein says the assembly must legislate to repeal the terrorism and military courts and the “exceptional” security decisions and decrees issued against Syrians during the uprising. That must include canceling all resulting decisions and rulings, he said.

The measure does not cover criminal convictions, which the relevant institutions must resolve, Hussein said. But it could speed up that work and end the suffering of those affected. Agencies are working together on a mechanism to process cases faster and respond directly, he added.

Security sources told Asharq Al-Awsat that the former government used criminal charges, among other means, to pressure Syrians. It focused on terrorism allegations because of their international sensitivity, they said.

A large share of those allegations has been resolved, the sources said. Criminal charges and cases involving personal claims are harder to untangle because of technical complications and the number of agencies involved.

The sources acknowledged delays caused by the volume of cases and their links to complex civil matters. Claims brought by individuals can create further difficulties.

They said people affected by exceptional problems, such as a wanted notice that remains active after a case has been closed, or a lost case file, can approach the relevant offices in Damascus.

Records that outlast the cases

For many people still listed as wanted, settling their legal status means navigating a long bureaucratic process that restricts their freedom and civil rights.

Some said they learned that individuals had filed criminal complaints against them while they were abroad. Others said they could find no complainant.

Some returnees discovered arrest orders on criminal charges, only to learn from judicial offices that their case documents had been lost or damaged while the proceedings remained active.

People caught in this process cited poor links between databases and limited experience among new staff. Some said judicial offices and criminal investigation branches in Damascus had removed their records, but arrest warrants sent to border crossings were still in force.

Rights sources said political and security decisions had not been fully reconciled with prosecutors’ and courts’ records. Criminal entries are not removed automatically.

Canceling a wanted notice or overturning a conviction issued in a person’s absence requires a lengthy legal process, starting with a request to withdraw the notice and a visit to the judicial authority that issued it.

A proposed solution

“The new authorities have taken important steps in this direction, but they are still insufficient. The continued suffering of those affected shows the problem has not been resolved,” lawyer and rights activist Michel Shammas told Asharq Al-Awsat.

Issuing a general decision is one thing; carrying it through to every database, agency and case file is another, Shammas said. The former government created the files, but the new state inherited its institutions and records and must review and correct them.

Repealing the terrorism court and ending the exceptional laws used against opponents are necessary steps, he said. Neither automatically erases the effects of thousands of rulings, warrants and records issued by the court or other agencies.

Shammas proposed an independent judicial committee and a unified database to separate genuine criminal cases from political and security cases.

Political entries could then be removed collectively, he said, while an official service would let people check their legal status without an intermediary.


Sisi Stresses Egypt’s Support for Iraq’s Security, Stability

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi holds talks with the head of Iraq’s Hikma Movement in Cairo on Thursday. (Egyptian Presidency)
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi holds talks with the head of Iraq’s Hikma Movement in Cairo on Thursday. (Egyptian Presidency)
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Sisi Stresses Egypt’s Support for Iraq’s Security, Stability

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi holds talks with the head of Iraq’s Hikma Movement in Cairo on Thursday. (Egyptian Presidency)
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi holds talks with the head of Iraq’s Hikma Movement in Cairo on Thursday. (Egyptian Presidency)

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi met Ammar al-Hakim, head of Iraq’s Hikma Movement, in Cairo on Thursday and pledged continued support for Iraq’s security and stability.

Sisi said Egypt backed measures taken by the Iraqi state to protect its sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity. The talks also covered Baghdad’s efforts to fight corruption and bring weapons under state control.

Hikma Movement deputy head Mohsen al-Hakim, adviser Ahmed al-Hakim, Egyptian intelligence chief Hassan Rashad and Iraqi Ambassador Qahtan Taha al-Janabi attended the meeting.

Sisi visited Baghdad in June 2021, becoming the first Egyptian president to travel to Iraq in decades. The visit was part of a trilateral initiative with Iraq and Jordan to deepen political, economic and security coordination.

Egyptian presidential spokesperson Mohamed al-Shennawy said Sisi stressed the countries’ historic ties and Egypt’s commitment to engaging with Iraqi state institutions and political groups.

Sisi praised Iraq’s fight against terrorism and extremist ideology. He also commended al-Hakim’s efforts to strengthen stability, narrow political differences and put Iraq’s national interests first.

Al-Hakim said Egypt played a central role in regional security and stability, including by supporting Iraq’s efforts to regain its leading place in the Arab world and the wider region.

He said he wanted Sisi’s views on how to ease current regional tensions and shield Iraq from their effects.

Security and stability

Salah Halima, a member of the Egyptian Council for Foreign Affairs and a former assistant foreign minister, said some elements in Iraq were at odds with efforts to secure the country.

Action was needed to prevent activities beyond the control of Iraq’s governing authorities, he said.

“The situation may require a very high degree of cooperation between Egypt and Iraq,” Halima told Asharq Al-Awsat.

“Iraq’s national security is an integral part of Arab national security and closely linked to security and stability in the Red Sea and the Gulf.”

Halima said al-Hakim’s visit underscored the need for agreement on removing threats in Iraq and preventing any escalation that could destabilize the country. It could also spur broader cooperation between Cairo and Baghdad, he said.

The Egyptian presidency said the two leaders discussed the regional situation and its impact, particularly on Egypt and Iraq. Sisi outlined Egypt’s call for peaceful solutions to crises and conflicts, support for legitimate institutions and an inclusive nation-state.

He also described Egyptian efforts to lower tensions and avert another round of escalation. Iraq should continue playing a constructive role in strengthening collective Arab security and safeguarding the region’s resources, he said.

Visits gather pace

Contacts between Cairo and Baghdad have intensified. Sisi received former Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani on Aug. 27, 2024, for talks on energy, trade, investment and reconstruction. The two countries’ foreign ministers have also discussed ways to ease regional tensions.

In late August, Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi met Egypt’s intelligence chief, who delivered a message from Sisi.

According to the Iraqi cabinet, Sisi praised the countries’ strategic ties and expressed his readiness to support efforts to meet the aspirations of their peoples.

A senior delegation from Iraq’s Ministry of Water Resources visited Egypt early this month to strengthen technical cooperation and exchange expertise.

The Palestinian issue also featured in Thursday’s meeting. Sisi described Egypt’s efforts to implement the second phase of the Sharm el-Sheikh agreement and the US peace plan, deliver aid and expand humanitarian relief in Gaza.

He reiterated Egypt’s position that a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital must be established in accordance with international resolutions, calling it the only comprehensive and just solution to the Palestinian issue.