Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh: Land Transport of Pilgrims Dictated by Regional Conditions

Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh Safia Taleb Al-Suhail (photograph: Turki Al-Oqaili)
Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh Safia Taleb Al-Suhail (photograph: Turki Al-Oqaili)
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Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh: Land Transport of Pilgrims Dictated by Regional Conditions

Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh Safia Taleb Al-Suhail (photograph: Turki Al-Oqaili)
Iraqi Ambassador in Riyadh Safia Taleb Al-Suhail (photograph: Turki Al-Oqaili)

Iraq’s ambassador to Saudi Arabia Safia Taleb Al-Suhail said the number of Iraqi pilgrims this year has reached around 41,000, with their convoys beginning to arrive in Saudi Arabia at a rate of about 1,500 pilgrims per day through the Jadidat Arar border crossing in the north of the Kingdom, within an integrated system of services.

Al-Suhail confirmed, in statements to Asharq Al-Awsat, that coordination between Baghdad and Riyadh is taking place at the highest levels, through the ministries of Hajj and Umrah and interior in both countries, to discuss security arrangements and ensure the transport of pilgrims until they perform their rituals with ease and reassurance.

The ambassador explained that Iraq’s adoption of exclusively land transport this year came out of concern for pilgrims’ safety in light of current regional conditions, and to avoid any emergency that could hinder their completion of the pilgrimage, praising the Jadidat Arar crossing and the facilities and advanced infrastructure it provides.

41,000 pilgrims

Safia Al-Suhail said Iraq’s quota for this season amounts to 41,000 pilgrims, according to available information, in addition to 200 doctors, as announced by the official authorities in the Iraqi Hajj and Umrah Commission.

She noted that this quota includes pilgrims from all Iraqi provinces and the Kurdistan Region, along with accompanying administrative, medical, guidance, and media staff.

Adoption of land transport

The ambassador said Baghdad adopted this season the option of transporting pilgrims exclusively by land through the Jadidat Arar crossing in northern Saudi Arabia, a decision taken out of concern for pilgrims’ safety and in line with the current realities in the region.

She added: “The first convoys of Iraqi pilgrims departed on the evening of Sunday, April 26, and their first groups were received under the supervision of Prince Faisal bin Khalid, Governor of the Northern Borders Region, who gives this matter continuous attention that we highly appreciate, as he, along with officials in Arar, ensured that the reception of Iraqi pilgrims was at the highest level of hospitality, facilitation, and services.”

Jadidat Arar crossing

Al-Suhail praised the Jadidat Arar crossing, noting that it “features advanced infrastructure that we personally reviewed along with embassy staff, including a Hajj hall exceeding 9,000 square meters, with a capacity of up to 20,000 pilgrims per day, 68 passport counters, six inspection points, in addition to an integrated medical and security system operating around the clock.”

She noted that “transport is proceeding at a rate of about 1,500 pilgrims per day, via convoys of modern, air-conditioned buses, and rest stations along the route inside Saudi territory, within a fully equipped tent city prepared by Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Hajj and Umrah according to the highest standards, providing accommodation, meals, healthcare, and places for prayer.”

Coordination with the Saudi side

Al-Suhail stressed that relations between Iraq and Saudi Arabia are long-standing and well established, bringing together ties of religion, neighborliness, kinship, and shared interests, with the leaders of both countries keen to maintain and develop them across various fields, noting that the Hajj file holds a special place in this relationship as a matter with religious and humanitarian dimensions that rises above any other consideration.

She pointed out that Iraq was the first among more than 150 countries to sign the Hajj arrangements agreement for the 1447 AH season with Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, a step reflecting the depth of coordination and the keenness of both brotherly countries to remove obstacles for pilgrims, according to the ambassador.

She added: “Coordination this season has taken place at the highest levels between Iraq’s Supreme Hajj and Umrah Commission and Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, and in parallel between the interior ministries of both countries, as the Iraqi interior minister held extensive meetings to discuss security preparations and ensure the transport of pilgrims, attended by the head of the Supreme Hajj and Umrah Commission, the head of the Border Ports Authority, operations commanders, and provincial police leaders, in cooperation with their counterparts on the Saudi side.”

According to the ambassador, “coordination included securing the land routes inside Iraq up to the Arar crossing, after which the Saudi side assumes responsibility from the crossing to the holy sites, within an integrated framework that reflects what can be described as ‘fraternal security coordination between the two neighboring countries.’”

Preparing a tent city to accommodate pilgrims

Regarding facilities, she commended the efforts made by the Kingdom under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz and the Crown Prince in serving pilgrims, noting that services include streamlined customs and passport procedures, round-the-clock health and emergency services, full logistical support, transport and guidance services, in addition to a tent city designated to accommodate pilgrims, affirming that Saudi personnel working at the crossing are playing a notable role.

She affirmed that the Iraqi diplomatic mission, in coordination with the consulate general in Jeddah and the Iraqi Hajj mission, is following up on pilgrims’ affairs and providing the necessary consular and administrative services.

Al-Suhail recalled, in her remarks on the land route, the “Zubaydah Trail,” one of the oldest Hajj routes in Islamic history, associated with Zubaydah bint Jaafar, wife of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, who devoted her wealth to developing it and providing water for pilgrims between Kufa and Makkah.

In conclusion, the ambassador affirmed that Iraq, with its government, people, and religious authorities, places the Hajj journey above all considerations and works in a spirit of partnership with Saudi Arabia to ensure that this season is smooth, safe, and successful, God willing.



King Salman: Saudi Arabia Was Established on Firm Foundations to Preserve the Faith, Justice

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
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King Salman: Saudi Arabia Was Established on Firm Foundations to Preserve the Faith, Justice

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz. (SPA)

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz stressed on Wednesday that Saudi Arabia's National Day was an occasion to recall the solid foundations upon which the Saudi state was established.

"By the grace of God, and then through the determination and leadership of the founder, King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman, alongside the citizens, the state was established to preserve the faith and establish justice," he said in a post on the X platform.

King Salman prayed to God to sustain Saudi Arabia's security, stability, and prosperity.


Saudi State Institutions: A Century Since the Basic Instructions

An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)
An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)
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Saudi State Institutions: A Century Since the Basic Instructions

An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)
An early, rare photograph of King Abdulaziz in Makkah after he left the Grand Mosque (King Abdulaziz Foundation)

By Bandar Bin Abdulrahman Bin Moamar

Saudi Arabia was built neither on the ruins of another state nor on institutions left by a colonial power. Its founding three centuries ago was an achievement without precedent in the Arabian Peninsula.

King Abdulaziz, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, inherited no unified state apparatus. Conditions and administrative arrangements varied across the regions. He drew on what existed, then brought those structures together and developed them as part of a growing institutional project.

After completing the annexation of the Hejaz in 1925, he laid new foundations for state institutions and administration, accelerating regional integration and strengthening national unity.

King Abdulaziz, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia’s 96th National Day this year marks another anniversary: a century since the Basic Instructions were issued on Aug. 31, 1926. Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Shubaily called them “the first written constitutional document in the history of the modern Saudi state.”

The occasion also comes a decade after the launch of Saudi Vision 2030 in 2016, a decade of unprecedented achievements. Yet the institutional thinking that connects the 1920s with the 2020s has received too little study. It deserves a closer look.

A century since the first founding document

The Basic Instructions followed the pledge of allegiance to King Abdulaziz as king of the Hejaz in January 1926. They served as a first constitution, opening the phase that led to Saudi Arabia’s unification in 1932.

Across 79 articles, the document laid the legal foundations for government. It defined the powers of the king’s deputy in the Hejaz and set out the administrative structures, the Shura Council and six departments: Sharia affairs, interior, foreign affairs, finance, education and the army. Those departments became the seeds of a government system that today includes more than 20 ministries and over 300 institutions, authorities and agencies.

The document’s significance becomes clearer in its historical setting. King Abdulaziz tasked an elected committee of national figures from various fields with drafting it.

They included Abdulqader Al-Shaibi, Mohammed Sharaf Adnan, Mohammed Al-Marzouqi Abu Hussein, Saleh Shatta, Mohammed Hussein Nassif, Suleiman Qabel, Mahmoud Shalhoub, Hussein Basalama, Ali Kutbi, Mohammed Saeed Abu Al-Khair, Mohammed Majed Al-Kurdi, Abdullah Zainal, Hussein Adnan and Abdullah Al-Dahlawi.

Together, they helped draft a blueprint for a state built on institutions. It showed early political maturity in a region shaped by conquest and control.

One point is often overlooked: the Basic Instructions applied to the Kingdom of the Hejaz, even as their institutions influenced other regions. Najd and the Hejaz remained separate kingdoms under King Abdulaziz. Fuad Hamza noted that changing conditions required amendments to parts of the document while it was in force.

The instructions remained a constitution until the two kingdoms were unified. In retrospect, they were deliberately transitional: a founding document for a state still taking shape, not a fixed system. King Abdulaziz built institutions knowing that a larger, more comprehensive structure would follow.

The decades between the two documents

From 1926 to 1932, the Basic Instructions governed the work of state institutions under King Abdulaziz’s skilled leadership and close oversight. They framed the transition to a unified state. Vision 2030 also charts a transition, including the shift from a rentier economy to a diversified one and from a consuming state to a producing one.

The parallel goes beyond form. A century ago, the Basic Instructions brought the army, education, the judiciary, taxation and the Hajj under one document. Vision 2030 brings energy, technology, culture, tourism, industry and education into one national plan.

The circumstances, however, could hardly be more different. The 1926 document governed the institutions of a kingdom struggling to survive in a turbulent region. The 2016 document guides the ambitions of a state with the region’s largest economy, a seat in the Group of 20 major economies and a leading role in the Arab and Islamic worlds.

From domestic development to an international presence

Over the past century, Saudi Arabia has undergone sweeping change and development across all fields. Through complex regional and global upheaval, preserving stability while continuing to build has remained a constant concern.

Sovereignty and national unity have been non-negotiable throughout the Saudi state’s history. That resolve has come with careful calculation of the costs and consequences of confrontation.

Saudi Arabia has also shown restraint in managing conflicts: favoring diplomacy and mediation over open confrontation and avoiding unequal wars whenever possible. This practical approach has been a feature of its policy.

The distinction between enduring principles and changing circumstances helps explain the state’s institutional continuity over three centuries, despite repeated shifts in regional and international power. Studies of Saudi foreign policy trace these principles to King Abdulaziz’s reign and find a common thread in major decisions taken decades apart.

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has gradually changed how it handles regional issues, reshaping conventional views of its international role. Media and researchers have called the approach a policy of “zeroing out crises” or “zero problems.”

It has developed alongside Vision 2030, which links regional stability to economic diversification and attracting investment. Saudi Arabia has also expanded its engagement in international affairs and built strategic alliances and partnerships.

The tools and methods have changed; the underlying principles have endured. The ability to adapt while preserving those foundations remains a defining feature of Saudi policy.

Saudi political discourse stresses respect for the sovereignty of other states and noninterference in their internal affairs. King Abdulaziz sought to establish those same principles in his dealings with the British, from the Uqair talks in 1922 to the Treaty of Jeddah in 1927.

Why, then, have these principles and changes received so little institutional and academic attention?

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister. SPA

A state whose models are sought abroad

In 1926, King Abdulaziz produced a first constitutional document for a state short of resources and modern amenities. A century later, Saudi Arabia ranks first globally in the growth of its innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, according to StartupBlink’s 2025 report. Its approaches to economic transformation and political affairs are now studied elsewhere.

The contrast is stark. In December 1922, King Abdulaziz attended the Uqair conference to negotiate his state’s borders with the British. About a century later, Saudi Arabia won the right to host Expo 2030 with the highest share of votes in the event’s history. It was also awarded the 2034 World Cup without a rival bid. A state that once negotiated its borders with the great powers has been chosen to host two major global events.

The Basic Instructions were built to be superseded. Vision 2030, different in nature and purpose, also charts a stage to move beyond. Each document has framed what comes next while raising the level of ambition. That ambition began three centuries ago with the drive to bring divided communities together. It continues through successive achievements and the surpassing of targets.

The distinction between the documents matters. The Basic Instructions managed an institutional transition through legal rules for government and administration. Vision 2030 guides an institutional transformation through a national strategic framework. Their legal character is different. What connects them is their use of a comprehensive framework to manage change.

Saudi Arabia’s successive achievements keep opening new chapters in its history. They deserve sustained study and documentation — from researchers and historians, but also from public policy centers, universities and institutions that still treat the present as a given rather than a subject for serious inquiry.


Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Directs Naming Mosque North of Riyadh After King Abdulaziz

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. SPA
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. SPA
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Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Directs Naming Mosque North of Riyadh After King Abdulaziz

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. SPA
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. SPA

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud has directed, based on a proposal presented by Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, that a mosque to be built north of Riyadh be named after King Abdulaziz.

The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques also directed that an 88,000-square-meter plot of land along King Abdulaziz Road be allocated for the mosque's construction.

Naming the mosque after the late King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud honors his national legacy and historic achievement in unifying the Kingdom, as well as his dedication to building mosques across Saudi Arabia.