Dell to Asharq Al-Awsat: AI in Saudi Arabia Enters Production, Not Experimentation Phase

Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies
Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies
TT

Dell to Asharq Al-Awsat: AI in Saudi Arabia Enters Production, Not Experimentation Phase

Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies
Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies

Saudi Arabia became a focal point of discussion in the “Dell Technologies World 2026” in Las Vegas this week about the next phase of artificial intelligence.

The question is no longer just about the size of investment in infrastructure or national capacity building, but about the difference the Kingdom can make in a global market transitioning from AI experimentation to its operational deployment within institutions.

In exclusive remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat, Michael Dell, Chairman and CEO of Dell Technologies, stated that what the company sees in Saudi Arabia is a “deep commitment to modernizing the Kingdom,” highlighting its significant energy resources and Dell's collaboration with Humain and other companies in the Kingdom, in addition to a regional facility through which the company works to “aggregate these capabilities and build infrastructure for customers in the region.”

He added that every country today is going through a phase of re-understanding what the transition towards AI means, and how citizens and industries can be empowered to drive the economy forward. In the same session, Dell described Saudi Vision 2030 as “highly ambitious,” and the ambition for AI under this vision as “impressive.”

The Operation Test

From this point, the real discussion about Saudi Arabia and artificial intelligence begins. The narrative is no longer solely about the volume of investments, the speed of data center construction, or the number of announced national projects.

The challenge of the next test relates to how this national capability can be transformed into operational value within government entities, banks, hospitals, energy and telecommunications companies, and smart cities. It's about how institutions move from AI experiments to systems that operate daily, on real data, within secure environments, and at a predictable cost.

Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies, places this transformation in a clear context.

In remarks to Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the conference, he states that the biggest barrier for institutions in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf as they transition from AI experimentation to production is not a single isolated factor, but an interconnected system encompassing infrastructure, governance, skills, cyber resilience, cost, and operating models.

However, he considers “data readiness” to be the primary obstacle. He adds: “Without a reliable and AI-ready data foundation, even the most advanced infrastructure is insufficient, and pilot projects falter before reaching production.”

Mohammed Amin, Senior Vice President for Central Eastern Europe, Middle East, Türkiye and Africa at Dell Technologies

Data Before the Model

This point appears fundamental to Dell's assessment of the Saudi phase, as the company indicates that 96 percent of Saudi institutions now view AI as a key part of their business strategy, according to its research on the state of innovation and AI.

However, this indicator, despite its importance, does not mean that the path to production has become easy. Many institutions still operate through outdated and fragmented systems, distributed data, inconsistent governance, and limited access to reliable real-time data.

According to Amin, the fastest-advancing institutions are those that treat AI “not as a standalone tool, but as a transformation of the entire operating model.”

Here lies the difference between ambition and operational infrastructure. An institution that wants to use AI for customer service, risk management, predictive maintenance, or patient data analysis not only needs a robust model but also requires its data to be discoverable, governed, reliable, and usable by AI systems in a timely manner.

Amin defines AI-ready data as data that is “discoverable, governed, reliable, and usable by AI systems in real-time.” This definition transforms the discussion from a narrow technical question to an institutional one: Does the institution know where its data is, who can use it, and can it be trusted when fed into a model or intelligent agent?

Data from Sensitive Sectors

In the Saudi banking sector, this could mean linking customer, transaction, and risk data across different environments while maintaining compliance and governance. In hospitals, it involves securely organizing clinical and imaging data so that AI can support diagnosis or improve operations without compromising patient privacy. For government entities, it means unifying citizen and operational data while preserving sovereignty and security controls. As for energy companies, it might involve combining operational, sensor, and geographic data to support predictive maintenance and improve performance.

Dell states that updates to its Dell AI Data Platform specifically target this point, by indexing billions of files and linking them into governed data pipelines. The platform includes capabilities such as GPU-accelerated SQL analytics, achieving up to six times faster performance, and vector indexing up to 12 times faster.

These details might seem technical, but they actually determine the speed at which an institution transitions from a limited experiment to a widely operational AI service. The slower data is accessed or the less organized it is, the more the data pipelines themselves become an operational bottleneck. Amin notes that these capabilities help reduce response time, improve accuracy, and expand AI services with higher efficiency.

Local Operating Economics

As AI transitions to more sensitive and continuous workloads, another question emerges: when does private or institution-controlled infrastructure become more suitable than the public cloud? Amin does not present this as a stark choice between cloud and private infrastructure; he believes the public cloud remains important for experimentation, flexibility, and quick access to AI services. However, he adds that there comes a stage where controlled infrastructure becomes “strategically better,” especially when workloads involve sensitive national or financial data, or when response time requirements are critical.

This aligns with what Dell presented at the conference regarding Deskside Agentic AI, a solution aimed at running some AI agents locally on high-performance workstations, rather than relying entirely on cloud programming interfaces.

The company states that this solution can, in some cases, reach a break-even point with the cost of cloud programming interfaces within three months, and reduce spending by up to 87 percent within two years. Amin interprets these figures from a broader perspective, stating that technology managers in Saudi Arabia must evaluate the economics of AI “over its full lifecycle, not just by focusing on initial infrastructure costs.” The cloud might appear attractive at the outset, but it can become more expensive when running continuous generative or agentic workloads at the scale of a large enterprise.

Processor Efficiency

For Saudi Arabia, this issue is also linked to sectors with regulatory and sensitive natures. Amin acknowledges that the most realistic use cases today are those that deliver clear productive and operational value while maintaining manageable governance.

He points out that private assistants within institutions and workflow in regulated sectors represent a compelling starting point in the Kingdom, due to the strong focus on data security and sovereignty. He also believes that programming assistants are rapidly gaining momentum because they offer direct benefits to development teams.

The transition to production requires not only data and architecture but also infrastructure capable of handling high workload density. In heavy AI environments, processing units are insufficient if data does not move quickly between computing, storage, and applications.

Amin notes that the network design in PowerRack includes a switching capacity exceeding 800 terabits per second per rack, explaining that the practical meaning of this capacity is to eliminate data traffic bottlenecks between GPUs, storage, and applications. The longer GPUs wait for data, the lower the efficiency of infrastructure investment. Conversely, when data moves with low latency, training and inference operations become faster and more effective.

Cooling as a Strategic Factor

This discussion cannot be separated from cooling and power, as AI increases rack density and power requirements within data centers, making cooling a strategic, not just operational, factor.

Amin notes that the ability of Dell PowerCool C7000 to support facility water temperatures up to 40 degrees Celsius means that data centers can operate with higher efficiency in hot climates, reducing reliance on energy-intensive cooling.

In Saudi Arabia, where the government and private sector are investing in sovereign AI infrastructure, he believes that cooling “is no longer merely an operational issue,” but has become linked to scalability, energy efficiency, and long-term viability.

Data and Model Security

Cyber resilience is part of AI readiness; an intelligent system is not reliable if its data is corruptible, its models are exploitable, or its infrastructure is not recoverable. Amin points out that an AI system “is only as reliable as the data and models it operates on,” and a cyberattack that corrupts data or harms a model can have significant consequences.

Therefore, he believes that the maturity of cyber resilience will directly impact the extent to which institutions trust expanding their adoption of AI. Here, Dell offers tools like Cyber Detect, which it claims can detect data corruption resulting from ransomware attacks and accurately identify the last known clean version.

Openness and Sovereignty

With Dell's expanded partnerships with Google, Hugging Face, OpenAI, Palantir, ServiceNow, and SpaceXAI, the company emphasizes that institutions do not want to tie their AI strategy to a single model, cloud platform, or infrastructure package.

This openness, in Amin's view, gives institutions a “choice” and reduces vendor lock-in risks, allowing them to develop their capabilities as technology evolves. This is crucial in a fast-moving market like Saudi Arabia, where integration and interoperability can become strategic advantages in themselves.

When Mohamed Amin was asked about the Saudi sectors that would first require AI-ready infrastructure, he placed government, energy, telecommunications, finance, and smart cities at the forefront, due to the volume of their data, their national importance, and the operational value that AI can unlock.

These sectors are also most closely linked to sovereignty, compliance, and security requirements. Therefore, building a secure and scalable AI infrastructure appears not merely a technical upgrade, but part of institutions' ability to transform the Vision's ambitions into measurable daily operations.

Between Michael Dell's response regarding Saudi Arabia and Mohamed Amin's vision for the region, the picture of the next phase becomes clear. The Kingdom is not entering the AI race merely from the perspective of consumption or experimentation, but from the perspective of building institutional capability.

However, true capability will not be measured solely by the number of data centers or the volume of investment, but by institutions' ability to prepare their data, choose where to run their workloads, manage costs, protect their models and data, and scale their use without losing control or governance.



OpenAI, Anthropic CEOs Called to Appear at Australian AI Probe

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman attends a state dinner hosted by US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump for Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife, Peng Liyuan, at the White House in Washington, D.C., US, September 24, 2026. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman attends a state dinner hosted by US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump for Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife, Peng Liyuan, at the White House in Washington, D.C., US, September 24, 2026. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein
TT

OpenAI, Anthropic CEOs Called to Appear at Australian AI Probe

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman attends a state dinner hosted by US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump for Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife, Peng Liyuan, at the White House in Washington, D.C., US, September 24, 2026. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman attends a state dinner hosted by US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump for Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife, Peng Liyuan, at the White House in Washington, D.C., US, September 24, 2026. REUTERS/Evelyn Hockstein

The CEOs of ‌OpenAI and Anthropic have been called to appear at an Australian Senate inquiry on AI, the head of the probe said on Sunday, days after the revelation that a rogue OpenAI bot had hacked the country's health-system database.

The Medicare breach, condemned by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, is one of the highest-profile incidents of AI agents accessing external systems outside the US, said Reuters.

OpenAI's Sam Altman and Anthropic's Dario Amodei have been sent written requests ‌to appear at ‌the inquiry, which is to ‌hold public ⁠hearings in the capital ⁠Canberra on Thursday, said a spokesperson for Senator Sarah Hanson-Young of the Australian Greens party, who chairs the probe.

OpenAI and Anthropic did not immediately respond to requests for comment outside business hours.

The OpenAI agent's incursion on one of the country's most used government agencies ⁠may prompt Albanese's Labor government to toughen ‌AI-specific laws it is ‌readying for next year, adding pressure to Australia-US relations already tested ‌by Canberra's ban on social media for teens, ‌tech policy experts say.

The Senate inquiry is examining the potential impacts of AI and data centers on Australian communities, industries, water and energy. It is one of several state ‌and federal probes into AI.

"There are serious questions for Sam Altman to answer about the ⁠OpenAI hack ⁠of Australian government websites," Hanson-Young said in a statement. Altman and Amodei "must front up, face the Senate's questions and have an honest conversation about what effective, lasting regulation of this industry should look like", she said.

Albanese, who revealed the June breach of Medicare on Thursday, called it "unacceptable", saying he had voiced "extreme concern" to Altman.

OpenAI says it only learned of the breach — one of at least four of Australian government websites — in August. It says the incident was not intentional and did not compromise any private information.


AI Startup Urges Optimism from Europe despite Safety Fears

'The main thing that can wipe out humanity is stupidity,' says Robin Rombach, CEO of AI startup Black Forest Labs. Silas Stein / AFP
'The main thing that can wipe out humanity is stupidity,' says Robin Rombach, CEO of AI startup Black Forest Labs. Silas Stein / AFP
TT

AI Startup Urges Optimism from Europe despite Safety Fears

'The main thing that can wipe out humanity is stupidity,' says Robin Rombach, CEO of AI startup Black Forest Labs. Silas Stein / AFP
'The main thing that can wipe out humanity is stupidity,' says Robin Rombach, CEO of AI startup Black Forest Labs. Silas Stein / AFP

Europe needs to view artificial intelligence with more optimism -- despite growing warnings about its dangers -- or risk falling further behind, the head of a leading European AI start-up warned.

"I think the mindset in Europe needs to shift to one of optimism and to one of opportunity, and not to one of risk and fear," Robin Rombach, CEO of German AI image generation specialist Black Forest Labs, told AFP.

Europe lags behind the United States and China when it comes to cutting-edge AI models. Policymakers and firms have been scrambling to find ways to make up lost ground.

But the debate has shifted to safety in recent weeks, after security lapses sparked calls from some industry leaders for development of the technology to be slowed down.

Based in the medieval German city of Freiburg, Rombach's company -- which takes its name from the nearby Black Forest -- has emerged as a prominent developer of AI image-generation models.

The startup, valued at around $3.25 billion, recently hit the headlines when it announced US director Martin Scorsese as an advisor, prompting an angry response from some in Hollywood concerned about AI taking production jobs.

Rombach, 33, helped develop latent diffusion, a breakthrough that underpins many of today's AI image-generation systems.

This propelled Rombach and a group of fellow computer scientists to found the AI lab in 2024. With just over 100 staff, its FLUX models generate still and moving images from text, and the company is now also expanding into physical AI.

Its latest model has been tested at carmaker Audi as part of a project aimed at enabling robots to perform production-line tasks.

Despite its roots in Freiburg -- Rombach comes from the area -- the firm's ties to the United States and its tech scene are also strong.

The company has a second headquarters in San Francisco and secured early backing from Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

- 'Stupidity' is biggest risk -

Rombach said that when Black Forest Labs was founded, there was no "real startup ecosystem" in Europe, particularly for "frontier deep tech".

"If you want to build a frontier model in a very competitive space, you need to do this quickly."

"Certain ingredients" are needed for success, such as a lot of capital and computing power, he added.

As well as Black Forest Labs, Europe has other competitive AI companies, including France's Mistral, but is still seen as trailing US firms such as OpenAI and Anthropic and Chinese labs such as DeepSeek.

Zach Meyers of CERRE, a Brussels-based think tank, echoed some of Rombach's concerns, saying the "biggest barrier" to AI growth and innovation in Europe was access to capital.

Most European companies rely on financing from banks, which are traditionally more cautious than venture capital investors about backing businesses that may take years to become profitable, said Meyers, an expert in EU digital policy.

"That is not how technology markets work, particularly with a really nascent technology like AI," he told AFP.

Safety concerns related to AI have escalated after incidents of the technology getting around controls during tests, sparking dire warnings from some about the threats that it poses.

Rombach emphasized his company's focus on "open-weight" AI models, some of which can be downloaded by researchers and developers, "increases transparency, increases safety".

He called for an open approach to AI development, warning it would be "fundamentally wrong" for such a crucial technology to be controlled by a few companies, rendering oversight more difficult.

But for Rombach, the biggest danger rests in potential human failings.

"The main thing that can wipe out humanity is stupidity," he said.


Qualcomm CEO to Asharq Al-Awsat: We Are Expanding Our Investments in Saudi Arabia and Betting on the AI Economy

Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm (the company)
Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm (the company)
TT

Qualcomm CEO to Asharq Al-Awsat: We Are Expanding Our Investments in Saudi Arabia and Betting on the AI Economy

Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm (the company)
Cristiano Amon, CEO of Qualcomm (the company)

Qualcomm's journey into AI data centers did not begin with one of the major cloud computing companies in the United States, but with a Saudi company. Cristiano Amon, Qualcomm's chief executive officer, revealed this during an exclusive interview with Asharq Al-Awsat on the sidelines of the Snapdragon Summit 2026 in Hawaii. He said HUMAIN was the company's first customer when Qualcomm began developing its vision and products for entering the data center market.

But the relationship Amon describes does not stop at that project. Today, it extends to AI-powered PCs, industrial AI with Aramco, local engineering and automotive technologies, while he sees future opportunities in robotics and other fields in which the company has not traditionally had the same depth of involvement.

Amon said Qualcomm's current projects in Saudi Arabia are "just the beginning," pointing to "many intersections" between what Qualcomm is trying to build and the Kingdom's drive to adopt new technologies and invest early in trends reshaping the computing markets.

A Partnership with the Kingdom Without Limits

Amon wants Qualcomm's presence in Saudi Arabia to go beyond the concept of a market where the company sells technology and toward a broader role in building capabilities. Following the opening of its engineering center in Riyadh and the expansion of its research and development presence, Qualcomm is positioning the Kingdom as a regional hub, while seeking engineers specializing in AI, semiconductors, and modern computing platforms.

Amon added that the range of opportunities is not limited to the company's current projects in data centers, PCs, and the industrial sector. He identified robotics and automotive technologies as two additional areas and said he sees no "limit" to the opportunities for partnership with the Kingdom.

These efforts form part of a broader network of cooperation involving HUMAIN, Aramco, KAUST, and other Saudi partners, reflecting the expansion of Qualcomm's relationship with the Kingdom across multiple layers of the technology value chain, from research and engineering to infrastructure, hardware, and industrial applications.

From Language to the Physical World

One of the areas Amon believes will drive the next phase is what he calls "physical AI." Unlike models focused primarily on language, these systems interact with the physical world through sensor data, images, and signals generated by equipment and industrial environments, enabling their use in factories, energy, robotics, and vehicles.

This is where Amon connects Qualcomm's collaboration with Aramco to "AI at the edge," in which data is analyzed close to where it is generated rather than relying continuously on a remote data center. He also points to applications involving Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Interior, smart cities, and computer vision, as well as Qualcomm's work with Aramco on private 5G networks for industrial environments.

He believes that having intelligence locally is particularly important for industrial operations spread across remote sites, where reliability and response time become system requirements rather than merely performance improvements.

He considers industrial automation and robotics likely to be among the key drivers of physical AI, placing the industrial sector alongside consumer markets among the growth areas Qualcomm is targeting.

The Car as Another Computing Platform

This trend intersects with the automotive sector, which has become an increasingly important part of Qualcomm's strategy. Amon pointed to Ceer, the Saudi electric vehicle company that uses Qualcomm technologies, as part of his vision of the vehicle becoming a "connected computer on wheels."

Computing inside a vehicle is no longer limited to entertainment or navigation. It now extends to the digital cockpit, control of vehicle functions, software-defined vehicles, driver assistance systems, and autonomous driving. Amon said Qualcomm is on track to become the largest semiconductor technology supplier to the automotive industry, noting that it works with automakers across multiple vehicle categories.

He believes AI agents are particularly well suited to vehicles. Drivers can interact with them by voice, while the systems can use cameras, sensors, and real-time context to understand what is happening inside and around the vehicle. In Amon's view, the car thus becomes an extension of the same concept that brings together the phone, PC, glasses, and earbuds: several different devices, with personal intelligence able to move across them according to context.

Why Has the Middle East Become More Important?

When Asharq Al-Awsat asked why the Middle East has become more important to Qualcomm than it was several years ago, Amon pointed to Saudi Arabia's desire to become a technology hub, invest in the industries of the future, and diversify its economy. He emphasized that this aligns with Qualcomm's own trajectory, as the company was once more heavily focused on the smartphone market before beginning to expand into new markets.

In Saudi Arabia specifically, Amon linked the relationship to the Kingdom's willingness to bet early on Qualcomm's new direction. He again cited HUMAIN's position as the company's first customer in its data center initiative, saying this had created a "bond of trust" and a desire to pursue this journey together. He added that the relationship was among the reasons Qualcomm decided to increase its resources and focus in the region.

When the Phone Starts Working Without You

At the Snapdragon Summit, the other part of the discussion shifted from markets to the device itself. Amon explains the transition to the "AI phone" through a simple idea: in the past, when a person was not using their phone, the device would wait. In the age of AI agents, however, the phone can continue working even when the user is not looking at the screen, because an agent can carry out a task, conduct a search, or interact with applications on the user's behalf.

This means the phone is now expected to serve two parties simultaneously: the user and the AI agents the user has authorized to perform tasks. Amon says this requires fundamental changes to processor design, computing capacity, memory, and power requirements.

Among the products Qualcomm announced this year are processors capable of reaching peak speeds of 5 GHz, a speed Amon said can be achieved while maintaining all-day battery life. The highest-end platform can also run models with more than 30 billion parameters directly on the device.

Qualcomm says the Snapdragon 8 Elite Extreme Gen 6 supports Mixture of Experts models with more than 30 billion parameters, along with 50 percent more shared memory. The company also introduced two premium-tier platforms this year for the first time, rather than offering only one option.

But Amon does not believe the current limits will remain sufficient for long. He spoke of the future need for dedicated AI accelerators and more tightly integrated computing and memory technologies as the demands of AI agents increase rapidly.

The "AI Phone"

From an economic perspective, Amon believes these capabilities could create a new device upgrade cycle. Rather than buying a new phone solely for a better camera, longer battery life, or higher performance, consumers may have a new reason to upgrade when the AI capabilities available on newer devices become sufficiently different from those of previous generations.

He said the industry is waiting for the transition from today's smartphones to "AI phones," which he expects will create demand for new categories and experiences. He believes the pace of the smartphone market, in which Qualcomm has become accustomed to developing a new generation every year, has given the company an ability to adapt to the current speed of AI development and bring this pattern of innovation to other markets.

Personal Intelligence That Is Not Tied to a Single Device

Amon takes the definition of the future of personal computing beyond the phone. When Asharq Al-Awsat asked whether Qualcomm wants Snapdragon to become the computing layer through which a single personal intelligence moves across a user's devices, he said that was "a good way" to describe the direction.

The company calls this "connected intelligence everywhere." Snapdragon is present in phones, smart glasses, and digital cockpits in vehicles, while the platform is expanding into new categories such as smart pendants, jewelry, and audio devices. Amon added that future mobility will not be about a single device, but about a collection of devices that all become points of interaction for AI agents.

Audio Devices

The same trend is also emerging in audio devices. At the summit, Qualcomm unveiled the Snapdragon Sound Elite Gen 2 platform, designed to move earbuds and wearables beyond audio playback toward becoming persistent interfaces for personal AI.

The company says the platform delivers up to twice the on-device AI capabilities of the previous generation while consuming up to 40 percent less power. It also supports direct connections to cloud services over Wi-Fi without always requiring the connection to pass through the phone. Targeted applications include intelligent assistants, translation, transcription, and contextual understanding, across categories ranging from traditional earbuds to audio glasses and new wearable devices.

The same concept is reflected in the announcement of "Googlebook," a new category of laptops powered by the Snapdragon X Elite platform and designed around "Gemini Intelligence." Qualcomm says devices from Dell and HP will be among the first products in this category, with support for native Android applications and integration between the PC and phone, alongside on-device AI capabilities.

The Equation of Trust and Reduced Friction

Personal intelligence that follows a user across multiple devices needs to know a great deal about that person, and this is where one of the most sensitive issues emerges. Amon places the success of this experience at the intersection of two closely linked factors: trust and reduced friction.

If an agent does not understand the user's context, it will not be useful enough, and the person may find it easier to perform the task themselves. Conversely, users will not provide that context to an agent unless they trust how it accesses, stores, and uses their data.

Amon says consumers should have the ability to determine which information can be sent to cloud services and which information they want to keep on the device, along with a permissions system defining what the agent can access. According to Amon, Qualcomm is working to build these mechanisms into the platform so that users can determine where their data is stored and grant the appropriate permissions.

He emphasizes that this need for privacy and control, alongside processing speed, is one reason on-device AI is important alongside the cloud. Amon does not present this as a problem that has already been solved. He said explicitly that he does not believe the industry has all the answers yet.

From Personal Memory to Sovereignty

This leads to a broader concept of sovereign AI. Cristiano Amon does not see sovereignty as being limited to how governments manage defense systems, financial services, or public-sector functions. In his view, it can also extend to citizens' data and their ability to control the portions of that data they want to make available to AI agents.

He believes these questions create greater opportunities for sovereign models that combine local data center capabilities with intelligence operating on devices. This is also the context in which he places Qualcomm's cooperation with HUMAIN.

When the Agent Acts on the User's Behalf

The security challenge becomes more complex when an agent does not merely know information but begins using the user's credentials and interacting with external services on the user's behalf. Amon believes this calls for new levels of continuous authentication to ensure that the agent is genuinely acting for the authorized individual, with a greater role for biometrics and for storing credentials and sensitive information within secure areas.

This also includes what he described as the user's "personal memory map," which itself needs to be protected. He emphasizes that an important part of these safeguards must be supported at the hardware level rather than remaining merely a software layer added on top of the system. He links this to the security mechanisms built into Snapdragon platforms.

The Device and the Cloud Growing Together

Despite Qualcomm's focus on on-device AI, Amon does not expect devices to replace the cloud. He points to today's mobile applications as an example: users generally do not know, and do not need to know, which part of an application runs on the device and which part runs in a data center.

He expects AI to work in much the same way, with tasks moving seamlessly between the device and the cloud depending on the service required, performance, privacy, and the permissions set by the user.

He added that he wants a future in which users have clear authority over these choices, even if the process of distributing workloads itself remains transparent to them. Amon also rejects the idea that increasing computing power on devices will reduce demand for data centers. He says the two "grow together." Some functions need to take place locally, while other tasks require the greater capabilities of the cloud.

As the number of agents increases and they are used repeatedly throughout the day, total demand for computing at both ends could increase rather than simply shifting the workload from one place to another.

The Ceiling for Computing Has Not Yet Been Defined

This also helps explain Qualcomm's decision to offer two platforms in the Snapdragon 8 Elite flagship tier for the first time. A traditional flagship smartphone is still expected to deliver a better camera, higher performance, longer battery life, and advanced gaming experiences, but some agent-based applications are beginning to introduce a new level of demand for computing power.

Amon said the industry is now moving from "smartphones" to "AI phones" and does not yet know where the upper limit of computing power required by new applications will lie. He added that AI companies and users "want more computing," which is why the company is still testing how far this demand can extend.

The Test of Success

Qualcomm's CEO does not measure the success of the company's bet on the agent era by processor speed or by the number of models that can run on a device. When Asharq Al-Awsat asked what would constitute evidence that the strategy had succeeded over the next three years, he identified three indicators.

The first would be a shift in daily usage from an application-centered model toward one in which people increasingly rely on agents to complete tasks. The second would be the distribution of the personal computing experience across more devices, with glasses, watches, pendants, and other personal AI categories becoming more widespread. The third would be the emergence of a clear upgrade cycle in which consumers begin saying they need a new "AI phone," in the same way previous technological shifts drove users toward new generations of devices.

Ultimately, however, the success of this vision will depend on an equation that has not yet been resolved. The more an agent knows about a user, the more useful it becomes. The more permissions it receives, the more sensitive the questions surrounding privacy, security, and control become.

Between the desire to make AI operate continuously in the background and the need to keep decisions and data under the user's control, Amon believes the industry is still at the beginning of defining the boundaries that people will actually accept.