Gulf Air Defenses Intercept More Than 1,800 Iranian Missiles and Drones

Missiles and drones intercepted over Doha. (dpa)
Missiles and drones intercepted over Doha. (dpa)
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Gulf Air Defenses Intercept More Than 1,800 Iranian Missiles and Drones

Missiles and drones intercepted over Doha. (dpa)
Missiles and drones intercepted over Doha. (dpa)

Iranian attacks on cities and critical facilities across Gulf states continued, while regional air defense systems reported intercepting more than 465 missiles and 1,414 drones since the start of the confrontation.

Major General Turki Al-Maliki, the official spokesman for the Saudi Ministry of Defense, said the US Embassy in Riyadh was targeted Tuesday by two drones. Saudi air defenses also intercepted and destroyed eight drones near Riyadh and Al-Kharj.

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the Iranian attack on the embassy building, describing it as a serious violation of international norms. In a statement, the ministry said the “repeated cowardly and unjustified attack” contravenes international law, including the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which guarantee the protection of diplomatic premises and personnel even during armed conflict.

Riyadh warned that such actions could push the region toward further escalation, particularly as Saudi Arabia had previously made clear that it would not allow its territory or airspace to be used for attacks on Iran. The Kingdom reiterated its right to take all necessary measures to safeguard its territory, citizens, residents and vital interests, including the option to respond to aggression.

Oman: Attacks on Duqm and Dhofar

In Oman, a security source said fuel storage tanks at Duqm Port were targeted by several drones, one of which struck a tank. Authorities said the damage was contained and no casualties were reported.

According to the Oman News Agency, Muscat condemned the attack and said it was taking all necessary steps to address the situation. Security officials also reported that two drones were shot down over Dhofar Governorate, while a third fell near the Port of Salalah without causing casualties or damage.

Oman renewed its condemnation of the attacks and affirmed that it would take all necessary measures to protect national security.

Kuwait: Missiles Intercepted

The Kuwaiti Armed Forces General Staff said Tuesday that military units had confronted a wave of missiles and drones detected in the country’s airspace and were continuing operations to intercept them.

The US Embassy in Kuwait was also targeted in an Iranian attack. Kuwait’s Foreign Ministry condemned the strike “in the strongest terms,” describing it as a blatant violation of international law and diplomatic conventions, including the Geneva Conventions and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The country reaffirmed its right to take all necessary measures to protect its security, territory and residents.

Qatar: Missile Stocks Denial

In Doha, the Qatari Ministry of Defense said the country’s armed forces possess the capabilities needed to protect national territory and confront any external threat.

The Qatar International Media Office denied a Bloomberg report claiming the country had only four days’ worth of interceptor missiles remaining. In a statement, the office said stocks for Qatar’s Patriot air defense system remain intact and sufficient, with reserves still available.

Meanwhile, QatarEnergy announced it had suspended production of several chemical, petrochemical and downstream industrial products in the country. The decision follows its earlier halt of liquefied natural gas (LNG) production and related products.

The suspension affects a range of products, including urea, polymers, methanol and aluminium. Qatar also condemned Iranian attacks targeting US diplomatic missions in Riyadh and Kuwait, calling them a clear violation of international law.

Bahrain: Dozens of Missiles Destroyed

The Bahrain Defense Force said its air defense systems had destroyed 73 missiles and 91 drones launched as part of what it described as a “terrorist Iranian assault” on the kingdom.

The military said it had successfully thwarted what it called indiscriminate attacks that violate international humanitarian law and the United Nations Charter.

It added that Bahrain possesses advanced defense systems and modern military capabilities to protect its airspace, waters and territory, stressing that its forces remain fully prepared to confront any threats to the country’s security or sovereignty.

UAE: Fire at Fujairah Oil Zone

Authorities in the Emirate of Fujairah in the UAE said they had contained a fire that broke out Tuesday morning in the Fujairah Oil Industry Zone (FOIZ).

The blaze was caused by debris falling after air defenses successfully intercepted a drone. Officials confirmed there were no injuries, and operations in the area have returned to normal.

Authorities urged the public to rely on official sources for information and avoid spreading rumors or unverified reports.

GCC Condemns Iranian Attacks

Jasem Albudaiwi, Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), strongly condemned what he described as Iran’s “cowardly and treacherous attacks” on member states, including strikes on civilian and diplomatic facilities such as the US embassies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Albudaiwi said the attacks and the accompanying escalation represent clear evidence of Tehran’s intentions toward Gulf states and its efforts to destabilize regional and global security.

“Targeting the territory of GCC states cannot be justified under any pretext,” he stated, calling on Iran to immediately halt what he described as “barbaric attacks.” He added that GCC countries stand united in defending their sovereignty, security and national interests.



Jeddah Summit Highlights Saudi Push for Gulf Coordination

Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, holds talks with Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in Jeddah on Tuesday. (SPA)
Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, holds talks with Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in Jeddah on Tuesday. (SPA)
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Jeddah Summit Highlights Saudi Push for Gulf Coordination

Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, holds talks with Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in Jeddah on Tuesday. (SPA)
Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, holds talks with Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in Jeddah on Tuesday. (SPA)

Observers said Saudi Arabia’s hosting of a consultative meeting of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in Jeddah on Tuesday underscores a push by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, to bolster joint Gulf work, contain the fallout of the current security and economic crisis, and ensure that solutions to the conflict ensure the interests of the GCC.

Recent developments and their unprecedented repercussions have exposed a major shift in the regional security order, underscoring the need for stronger Gulf cooperation and a more integrated crisis-response strategy.

Containing fallout

Informed sources said Saudi Arabia, alongside fellow Gulf states, has led diplomatic efforts to avoid escalation in the region.

GCC countries have repeatedly stressed their territories will not be used to launch attacks against Iran, seeking to prevent a wider conflict and its economic and security consequences.

Despite this, Iran and allied militias have expanded the conflict through unjustified attacks on GCC states.

Political analyst Munif Al-Harbi told Asharq Al-Awsat that Saudi Arabia has condemned Iranian attacks targeting the Kingdom, GCC states, and several Arab and Islamic countries, warning of escalation, breaches of international law, and threats to regional stability.

He said Riyadh considers GCC security indivisible, with any attack on one member treated as an attack on all, underscoring the need to protect shared interests.

Al-Harbi said the crisis has reinforced the urgency of deeper Gulf integration and stronger defense coordination. He said GCC states have shown a strong ability to intercept most missile and drone attacks, reflecting the resilience of their defense systems.

He added that economic and logistical coordination has also intensified, with Saudi Arabia helping stabilize global markets by maintaining oil exports.

Fragile ceasefire

Political analyst Khaled Al-Habbas agreed, saying the summit came at a sensitive moment shaped by stalled negotiations and a fragile ceasefire.

He underscored the consistent GCC stance since the start of the war, including support for the Pakistani mediation and efforts to ensure a Gulf voice at the negotiating table, even without direct participation, given the damage Gulf states have sustained from the Iranian attacks, including the closure of the Strait of Hormuz.

Al-Habbas said the summit is expected to reaffirm Gulf unity, condemn Iranian attacks, and back ongoing mediation efforts.

He said it would likely stress reopening the Strait of Hormuz in line with international law, reject any unilateral Iranian arrangements, and highlight risks linked to Iran’s nuclear and missile programs and its regional proxies, as well as continued attacks on some Gulf states even after the ceasefire.

Both analysts said the summit will stress tighter coordination across defense, logistics, and supply chains, which they said has helped limit the war’s impact on GCC states.

The summit is also expected to back regional and international efforts toward a political settlement addressing all aspects of the conflict and Gulf concerns over Iran’s conduct.

Any deal reached must reflect those concerns and be backed by firm international guarantees.


Gulf Maritime Integration Needed to Protect Hormuz, Counter Strategic Blackmail

A satellite image shows small boats north of the Strait of Hormuz. (Reuters)
A satellite image shows small boats north of the Strait of Hormuz. (Reuters)
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Gulf Maritime Integration Needed to Protect Hormuz, Counter Strategic Blackmail

A satellite image shows small boats north of the Strait of Hormuz. (Reuters)
A satellite image shows small boats north of the Strait of Hormuz. (Reuters)

The Strait of Hormuz has shifted, amid the current crisis, from a vital shipping lane into a strategic bargaining chip, anchored in Iran’s ability to keep passage uncertain, legally open, yet militarily threatened, politically conditioned, and economically sensitive.

A report by the Gulf Research Center, published on Tuesday, said Gulf states are the most exposed to the fallout from using Hormuz as leverage.

It said the strait’s impact goes beyond energy exports, extending to port security, supply chains, insurance, investment, the reputation of the economic environment, and the continuity of trade flows.

The report, prepared by retired Naval Admiral Abdullah Jaber AlZaidi, senior adviser for defense and security studies at the center, said Gulf states must not only protect the waterway but also reduce their vulnerability to strategic blackmail.

That requires stronger maritime early warning, a more integrated maritime picture, higher readiness to protect ports and infrastructure, alternative supply chain plans, and closer coordination with international partners, without turning the region into an open arena for escalation.

Iran’s approach, the report said, rarely reaches full closure. Instead, it relies on selective restrictions or threats, particularly against ships it views as tied to logistical support for US bases or as subject to maritime pressure. This gives Tehran room to maneuver, allowing it to calibrate between escalation and de-escalation.

The United States, by contrast, is using naval and air deployments as deterrence and counter-pressure, seeking to make any disruption of Hormuz a high-cost option for Iran. The aim is to curb escalation and reassure allies and markets that freedom of navigation will not be held hostage by Iran.

The report warned that the crisis is governed by a fragile balance. Iran is betting on raising the cost of passage without exhausting the Hormuz card, while the United States is betting on stronger deterrence without tipping into open conflict. Gulf states remain the most affected, as Hormuz is no longer just a navigation issue, but a broad national security concern spanning energy, ports, insurance, investment, supply chains, and regional stability.

Maritime pressure and the shadow fleet

The report said Iran’s use of Hormuz cannot be separated from wider maritime and economic pressure imposed on it. This goes beyond direct restrictions on Iranian ports to targeting shipping networks, insurance, intermediaries, and tankers that help Tehran bypass sanctions and market oil and petroleum products outside official channels.

Recent US measures against shipping firms and tankers linked to Iranian oil are not just financial sanctions, the report said, but part of dismantling Iran’s ability to sustain unofficial maritime trade.

Strategic ambiguity

Iran’s shifting statements on the strait reflect a deliberate strategy of ambiguity, the report said. The messaging has moved from allowing commercial transit, to linking passage, to de-escalation, to tougher positions on monitoring or restricting some vessels.

This is not an inconsistency, but an effort to keep the strait in a gray zone.

At its core, the strait remains legally open, but militarily threatened and subject to political and security conditions. That alone is enough to unsettle shipping firms, insurers, and vessel owners, who base decisions on worst-case risks, not reassuring statements.

The report said Iran adds a more sensitive layer by claiming some transiting ships provide logistical support for US bases in the Gulf, shifting from the language of disruption to a claim of the right to monitor what it sees as threats to its sovereignty.

Iran’s strategy reflects an awareness of its limits in conventional naval operations, offset by effective tools of disruption, confusion, and gray-zone pressure, the report said. These include direct military tools, hybrid gray-zone and cyber tools, and psychological and information warfare.

The Strait of Hormuz is narrow, the report said, and any incident could escalate quickly, whether a ship refusing inspection or a mine hitting the wrong target. Such events could shift the dynamic from bargaining to confrontation, stripping Iran of control over escalation and turning leverage into liability.

Impact on Gulf security

Gulf states remain the most exposed to the fallout, the report said, as Hormuz affects not only energy exports but also ports, supply chains, insurance, investment, the business environment, and trade flows.

Iran’s use of the strait puts Gulf states in a delicate position, the report noted, adding that they need to protect freedom of navigation, but do not want the strait to become an open confrontation zone.

It also mentioned that Gulf states need international deterrence, but know that any broad escalation would hit them directly, economically, and in security terms.

The report said Gulf states must go beyond protecting the passage and work to reduce their vulnerability to strategic blackmail.

This requires stronger maritime early warning, better integration of maritime awareness, higher readiness to protect ports and infrastructure, alternative supply chain planning, and tighter coordination with international partners, without turning the region into an open theater of escalation.


Bahrain Sentences Five to Life for Plotting Terrorist Acts with Iran

Tuesday's sentences come a day after Bahrain revoked the citizenship of 69 people who "supported hostile Iranian acts". (BNA)
Tuesday's sentences come a day after Bahrain revoked the citizenship of 69 people who "supported hostile Iranian acts". (BNA)
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Bahrain Sentences Five to Life for Plotting Terrorist Acts with Iran

Tuesday's sentences come a day after Bahrain revoked the citizenship of 69 people who "supported hostile Iranian acts". (BNA)
Tuesday's sentences come a day after Bahrain revoked the citizenship of 69 people who "supported hostile Iranian acts". (BNA)

A Bahrain court sentenced five people to life in prison on Tuesday for plotting "terrorist and hostile acts" with Iran, which bombarded the Gulf kingdom during the Middle East war.

Another 25 people were jailed for up to 10 years for sharing images of Iranian attacks and expressing support for them, the public prosecution said.

The High Criminal Court sentenced two Afghans and three Bahrainis to life for colluding with Iran's Revolutionary Guards to monitor and photograph vital facilities.

A fourth Bahraini was acquitted, the public prosecution said, adding that it may appeal the verdict.

"The Public Prosecution affirms that the crime of communicating with hostile foreign entities against the Kingdom of Bahrain is considered one of the most serious crimes affecting national security," the statement said.

The other 25 were jailed for "supporting and endorsing" the attacks and filming and sharing prohibited images, a separate statement said.

Tuesday's sentences come a day after Bahrain revoked the citizenship of 69 people who "supported hostile Iranian acts".